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Ketolytic genes analyzed and their roles in brain ketone metabolism. Ketone bodies, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate, are transported through the plasma membrane of blood-brain barrier epithelia, neurons, and glia through monocarboxylate transporters (MCT1, MCT2, MCT4). They diffuse into the mitochondrial matrix, where they are metabolized by BDH1, OXCT1, and ACAT1 to yield acetyl coenzyme A for oxidation in the tricarboxylic acid cycle
