Table 1.
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics.
| Demographics | N | AKU (N = 416) | N | AKU endoscopy (N = 52) | N | Cincinnati controls (N = 25) | N | Cincinnati celiac (N = 17) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female sex | 166 | 40% | 16 | 31% | 11 | 44% | 9 | 53% |
| Ethnicity (South-Asian) | 416 | 100% | 52 | 100% | ||||
| Ethnicity (Caucasian) | 24 | 96% | 17 | 100% | ||||
| Nutritional intervention | 189 | 45.43% | 52 | 100.00% | ||||
| Age at entry (mo) | 416 | 0.16 (0.07, 0.33) | 52 | 0.2 (0.07, 0.44) | ||||
| HAZ at entry | 414 | −1.61 (−2.41, −0.87) | 52 | −1.87 (−2.81, −1.09) | ||||
| WAZ at entry | 413 | −1.88 (−2.76, −1.16) | 51 | −2.12 (−3.15, −1.63) | ||||
| WHZ at entry | 349 | −1.24 (−1.99, −0.54) | 42 | −1.62 (−1.99, −0.96) | ||||
| Biomarkers 9 mo of agea | ||||||||
| Urine creatinine (umol/L) | 364 | 126.17 (88.23, 216.47) | 52 | 122.68 (77.82, 181.94) | ||||
| CRP (mg/dL) | 340 | 0.16 (0.06, 0.41) | 48 | 0.17 (0.08, 0.57) | ||||
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 340 | 17.75 (7.00, 37.00) | 48 | 21.50 (9.50, 54.00) | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 335 | 10.50 (9.50, 11.4) | 49 | 10.20 (9.00, 11.30) | ||||
| IGF1 (ng/mL) | 340 | 20.25 (12.44, 32.73) | 50 | 16.87 (6.65, 27.04) | ||||
| Prealbumin (mg/dL) | 317 | 14.20 (12.20, 16.70) | 30 | 13.65 (11.80, 16.10) | ||||
| AGP (mg/dL) | 340 | 101.6 (77.0, 136.0) | 48 | 111.0 (85.5, 139.5) | ||||
| Urine Claudin15 (ng/mL) | 364 | 1.35 (0.79, 2.43) | 52 | 1.31 (0.700, 2.40) | ||||
| GLP2 (pg/mL) | 321 | 1,208.9 (815.22, 1760.5) | 31 | 1,101.1 (754.7, 1411.6) | ||||
| Leptin (pg/mL) | 320 | 181.19 (102.51, 293.79) | 31 | 180.81 (94.06, 271.91) | ||||
| Stool myeloperoxidase (ng/mL) | 366 | 3,742.8 (1531, 9850) | 51 | 3,050 (979.5, 6475) | ||||
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 343 | 64.96 (36.81,115.06) | 50 | 57.175 (35.5,113.03) | ||||
| IFNγ (pg/mL) | 343 | 7.48 (0.78,26.74) | 50 | 7.995 (0.84,39.72) | ||||
| At the time of endoscopy | ||||||||
| Age (y) | 52 | 1.7 (1.4, 1.9) | 25 | 5.4 (3.8, 6.8) | 17 | 7.3 (5.8,10) | ||
| HAZ | 52 | −3.2 (−3.6, −2.3) | 25 | 0.09 (−0.51, 0.8) | 17 | −0.2 (−0.61, 1.17) | ||
| WAZ | 52 | −2.9 (−3.5, −2.6) | 25 | −0.08 (−1.07, 0.8) | 17 | −0.04 (−0.78, 0.41) | ||
| WHZ | 52 | −2.2 (−2.6, −1.8) | ||||||
| 24 mo anthropometrics | ||||||||
| HAZ | 343 | −2.33 (−3.2, −1.51) | 51 | −2.82 (−3.36, −2.29) | ||||
| WAZ | 344 | −2.25 (−2.96, −1.51) | 51 | −2.89 (−3.54, −2.5) | ||||
| WHZ | 344 | −1.31 (−2.03, −0.62) | 51 | −1.91 (−2.48, −1.4) | ||||
NOTE. Data are shown as n (%) or median (25th,75th).
AGP, Alpha-1 Acid Glycoprotein; GLP2, Glucagon Like Peptide 2; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.
a
Biomarkers measured at 9 mo were measured in blood unless indicated elsewhere.