Table 3 –
Differences in the average intakes of macronutrients, energy adjusted micronutrients and minerals intakes, dietary fiber and servings of food groups by the overall dietary inflammatory score by race.
| Nutrient/food group serving/indices | African American | Caucasian American | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIS | P value | DIS | P value | |||
| <2 | ≥2 | <2 | ≥2 | |||
| Nutrients | ||||||
| Energy Kcal/day | 1928.8 | 3126.4 | <.0001 | 1786.45 | 2443.8 | <.0001 |
| Protein (g)/day | 61.0 | 97.0 | <.0001 | 56.8 | 80.1 | .0001 |
| Fat (g)/day | 74.6 | 133.3 | <.0001 | 71.2 | 104.0 | <.0001 |
| Carbohydrate (g)/day | 254.5 | 383.5 | <.0001 | 227.9 | 297.3 | .0003 |
| Retinol (preformed vit A) ug/day | 207.8 | 181.2 | .1120 | 216.8 | 180.3 | .008 |
| Provitamin A (μg)/day | 1661.7 | 839.6 | <.0001 | 1743.9 | 1026.2 | .0030 |
| Alpha carotene (μg)/day | 220.2 | 87.7 | <.0001 | 258.3 | 134.0 | .0052 |
| Beta carotene (μg)/day | 1341.5 | 694.9 | <.0001 | 1307.8 | 815.4 | .0041 |
| Cryptoxanthin (μg)/day | 108.4 | 50.1 | <.0001 | 72.0 | 28.1 | <.0001 |
| Lutein (μg)/day | 922.2 | 440.9 | <.0001 | 692.5 | 375.9 | .0002 |
| Lycopene (μg)/day | 2085.1 | 1734.3 | .0467 | 2694.7 | 2301.2 | .2305 |
| Total flavonoids/day | 60.4 | 23.3 | <.0001 | 101.5 | 75.3 | .2252 |
| Vitamin C (mg)/day | 94.4 | 71.4 | <.0001 | 67.0 | 38.7 | <.0001 |
| Vitamin E (a-TE)/day | 4.4 | 3.8 | .0047 | 4.6 | 3.9 | <.0001 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg)/day | 0.7 | 0.6 | <.0001 | 0.7 | 0.6 | .0234 |
| Riboflavin (mg)/day | 0.8 | 0.7 | <.0001 | 0.9 | 0.7 | <.0001 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg)/day | 0.8 | 0.7 | <.0001 | 0.8 | 0.7 | .0005 |
| Vitamin B12 (μg)/day | 1.8 | 1.6 | .4161 | 1.8 | 1.7 | .0957 |
| Folate DFE (DFE)/day | 222.4 | 177.8 | <.0001 | 215.3 | 184.4 | .0040 |
| Pantothenic acid (mg)/day | 2.2 | 1.8 | <.0001 | 2.3 | 1.8 | .0004 |
| Vitamin D (IU)/day | 71.3 | 40.9 | <.0001 | 83.5 | 57.2 | .0007 |
| Calcium (mg)/day | 362.6 | 262.9 | <.0001 | 400.6 | 317.2 | .0002 |
| Phosphorous (mg)/day | 520.7 | 475.1 | <.0001 | 566.0 | 523.5 | .0137 |
| Potassium (mg)/day | 1336.5 | 1042.9 | <.0001 | 1395.8 | 1081.0 | <.0001 |
| Zinc (mg)/day | 4.6 | 4.1 | .0214 | 4.9 | 4.6 | .2969 |
| Iron (mg)/day | 6.8 | 5.8 | <.0001 | 6.5 | 5.8 | .0272 |
| Magnesium (mg)/day | 118.0 | 93.3 | <.0001 | 130.8 | 105.5 | <.0001 |
| Copper (mg)/day | 0.5 | 0.4 | <.0001 | 0.6 | 0.5 | <.0001 |
| Manganese(mg)/day | 1.3 | 1.1 | <.0001 | 1.7 | 1.3 | <.0001 |
| Total isoflavones (mg)/day | 0.6 | 0.6 | .4852 | 0.8 | 0.6 | .1677 |
| Total dietary fiber (g)/day | 7.1 | 5.3 | <.0001 | 7.2 | 5.8 | <.0001 |
| Servings of food groups | ||||||
| Vegetable servings/day a | 2.4 | 2.3 | .6954 | 2.6 | 2.3 | .3343 |
| Fruit servings/day b | 1.5 | 1.0 | <.0001 | 1.1 | 0.5 | <.0001 |
| Grain servings/day c | 4.0 | 6.5 | <.0001 | 3.6 | 5.3 | <.0001 |
| Whole grain servings/day d | 1.2 | 1.4 | .213 | 0.8 | 0.8 | .502 |
| Dairy servings/day e | 1.1 | 1.1 | .9163 | 1.4 | 1.4 | .7585 |
| Meat, fish, poultry, egg and bean | 1.9 | 3.3 | <.0001 | 1.6 | 2.5 | <.0001 |
| servings/day | ||||||
| Fat and sugar servings/day f | 2.8 | 4.7 | <.0001 | 3.4 | 4.5 | .0001 |
| Global vegetable servings/week g | 4.7 | 3.1 | .0019 | 7.3 | 4.9 | .0054 |
| Global fruit servings/week h | 5.3 | 2.7 | <.0001 | 4.1 | 1.7 | <.0001 |
| Global cereal servings i | 2.6 | 1.9 | .0632 | 2.5 | 2.1 | .5034 |
Abbreviations: DFE, dietary folate equivalent; TE, tocopherol equivalents.
Values are means; P-values are for ANOVA test for continuous variables.
a
Serving of vegetables including salads or potatoes.
b
Frequency of fruits including fruit juices.
c
Servings of breads, cereals, rice, pasta.
d
Servings of grains excluding pasta and refined cereal products.
e
Serving of milk, yoghurt, cheese.
f
Serving of fats and oils, sweets and sodas.
g
Servings of vegetables excluding salad or potatoes.
h
Servings of fruit excluding fruit juices.
i
Servings of cold cereals.