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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 7.
Published in final edited form as: Plant Biotechnol J. 2021 Jun 22;19(10):2113–2125. doi: 10.1111/pbi.13643

Figure 3: Antibiofilm effects of commercial and plant-derived enzymes against bacterial-fungal mixed biofilms.

Figure 3:

Commercial purified enzymes of the same activity unit as measured in the plant crude extracts (333.3 U/mL for lipase and 7.08 / 0.84 U/mL for dextranase/mutanase, respectively) were used as standards to evaluate the antibiofilm efficacy of the plant crude extracts. (A) Confocal images showing the antibiofilm efficacy of commercial and plant-derived lipase. (B-E) Quantitative computational analysis of the confocal biofilm images treated with commercial and plant-derived lipase. (F) Confocal images showing the antibiofilm efficacy of commercial and plant-derived Dextranase/Mutanase combination. (G-J) Quantitative computational analysis of the confocal biofilm images treated with commercial and plant-derived Dextranase/Mutanase combination. For multi-channel confocal images, C. albicans cells (yeasts or hyphae) are depicted in cyan; S. mutans cells are depicted in green; The EPS glucan matrix is depicted in red. For the computational data, the title of each graph indicates the channel(s) used for individual analysis. *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01 (1-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test). Enzyme unit of lipase and dextranase/mutanase represent μmol of pNP and reducing sugar produced in 1 hour, respectively.