Table 1.
General characteristics of participating CHARGE consortium cohorts*
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raine Study | ARIC | FHS | NEO | Fenland | YFS | WGHS | WHI | MESA | CHS | RS | |
| Characteristics | |||||||||||
| Country | Australia | USA | USA | Netherlands | UK | Finland | USA | USA | USA | USA | Netherlands |
| n | 617 | 10,924 | 6,382 | 5,694 | 10,022 | 1,782 | 16,284 | 1,109 | 1,805 | 3,196 | 5,784 |
| Age (years) | 20 (1) | 55 (6) | 49 (14) | 56 (6) | 49 (7) | 38 (5) | 55 (7) | 65 (7) | 70 (10) | 72 (5) | 66 (8) |
| Sex (% women) | 52.4 | 52.7 | 54.3 | 52.0 | 53.3 | 55.9 | 100 | 100 | 51.2 | 61.0 | 57.8 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 24.5 (5.2) | 27.0 (4.8) | 27.4 (5.5) | 30.0 (4.8) | 26.9 (4.8) | 25.9 (4.6) | 25.9 (4.9) | 28.6 (5.7) | 28.0 (5.3) | 26.3 (4.4) | 26.5 (3.7) |
| Current Smoker (%) | 13.5 | 24.2 | 13.4 | 16.0 | 12.0 | 27.6 | 11.7 | 10.1 | 7.0 | 11.4 | 23.4 |
| Completed High School (%) | 81.5 | 84.9 | 98.0 | 93.0 | 81.8 | 75.4 | 100 | 94.7 | 96.5 | 75.1 | 60.8 |
| Fasting HDL-C (mg/dl) | 51 (13) | 51 (17) | 54 (17) | 55 (16) | 59 (16) | 52 (13) | 54 (15) | 58 (15) | 57 (18) | 55 (16) | 53 (14) |
| Fasting TG (mg/dl) | 85 (2) | 137 (90) | 117 (87) | 130 (85) | 106 (81) | 122 (82) | 119 (89) | 156 (92) | 107 (59) | 140 (76) | 137 (71.0) |
| Dietary Intakes | |||||||||||
| SSB intake (servings/d) | 0.7 (1.0) | 0.5 (0.9) | 0.4 (0.8) | 0.4 (0.8) | 0.3 (0.6) | 0.3 (0.5) | 0.3 (0.6) | 0.2 (0.6) | 0.1 (0.5) | 0.1 (0.3) | 0.1 (0.2) |
| <1 serving/month (%) | 13.6 | 35.7 | 33.9 | 49.4 | 35.8 | 23.6 | 44.8 | 58.0 | 70.0 | 63.4 | 71.9 |
| 1-4 serving/month (%) | 14.4 | 16.3 | 24.3 | 13.8 | 24.6 | 31.9 | 22.0 | 19.3 | 12.4 | 16.9 | 13.5 |
| 1-2 serving/week (%) | 23.8 | 12.1 | 9.76 | 14.1 | 14.0 | 17.1 | 13.1 | 3.5 | 2.2 | 0.06 | 6.4 |
| 3-7 serving/week (%) | 29.2 | 25.7 | 21.3 | 11.7 | 15.2 | 21.0 | 15.1 | 15.3 | 8.6 | 18.7 | 7.5 |
| >1 serving/day (%) | 19.0 | 10.3 | 10.8 | 11.0 | 10.4 | 6.3 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 2.3 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
| Energy Intake (kcal/d) | 1,857 (850) | 1,644 (599) | 1,956 (645) | 2,291 (763) | 1,935 (578) | 2,381 (762) | 1,732 (524) | 1,698 (670) | 1708 (734) | 2,024 (654) | 2,046 (1,409) |
| Saturated Fat Intake (% total energy) | 16.1 (3.1) | 12.2 (3.1) | 11.1 (2.9) | 12.4 (2.9) | 12.5 (3.0) | 11.8 (2.4) | 10.2 (2.5) | 11.6 (3.3) | 11.3 (3.3) | 10.4 (2.2) | 14.4 (3.1) |
| Fruit intake (servings/d) | 1.9 (1.3) | 1.5 (1.3) | 1.1 (1.0) | 1.1 (0.9) | 2.7 (2.2) | 3.4 (3.1) | 1.9 (1.2) | 1.8 (1.2) | 2.1 (1.7) | 2.7 (1.5) | 1.2 (1.0) |
| Vegetable Intake (servings/d) | 1.7 (0.9) | 1.7 (1.2) | 2.0 (1.1) | 2.8 (1.5) | 5.0 (2.5) | 1.4 (1.8) | 3.9 (2.3) | 2.2 (1.3) | 2.4 (1.5) | 2.8 (1.5) | 2.8 (2.1) |
| Whole Grain Intake (servings/d) | 0.8 (1.0) | 1.1 (1.1) | 1.2 (1.2) | NA | 1.8 (1.4) | 3.2 (1.9) | 1.5 (1.2) | 1.2 (0.8) | 1.0 (0.8) | 1.0 (0.7) | 3.4 (2.9) |
| Fish Intake (servings/d) | 0.4 (0.6) | 0.3 (0.3) | 0.4 (0.4) | 0.2 (0.2) | 0.4 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.9) | 0.3 (0.2) | 0.2 (0.2) | 0.3 (0.3) | 0.3 (0.3) | 0.1 (0.2) |
| Nuts/Seeds Intake (servings/d) | 0.1 (0.2) | 0.4 (0.6) | 0.6 (0.9) | 0.8 (1.0) | 0.2 (0.3) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.3 (0.4) | 0.2 (0.3) | 0.5 (0.6) | 0.2 (0.3) | 0.2 (2.1) |
| Alcohol Intake (g/d) | 7.8 (8.9) | 6.7 (13.5) | 10.5 (14.8) | 15.5 (17.4) | 9.5 (12.7) | 8.6 (13.4) | 4.3 (8.5) | 5.0 (10.2) | 8.8 (15.5) | 5.5 (12.9) | 11.1 (15.5) |
Means (standard deviation) or percentage for maximum observations available for analysis. Sample sizes may vary depending on availability of genotype and covariate information. Cohorts are ordered by estimate of sugar-sweetened beverage intake. Cohort study abbreviations: The Raine Study (Raine Study), Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC), Framingham Heart Study (FHS), Netherlands Epidemiology in Obesity Study (NEO), The Fenland Study (Fenland), Young Finns Study (YFS), Women’s Genome Health Study (WGHS), Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), and the Rotterdam Study (RS).
CHARGE, Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations; n, total sample size; SSB, sugar-sweetened beverages; TG, triglyceride concentrations.