Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Nov 5.
Published in final edited form as: JTCVS Open. 2021 Mar 18;6:108–115. doi: 10.1016/j.xjon.2020.12.023

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1.

Therapeutic approach for cardiac cellular therapy versus cardiac reprogramming. Cardiac cellular therapy (left panel) introduces exogenous cells, which are largely incapable of differentiation to cardiomyocytes but may exert beneficial paracrine effects. Direct cardiac reprogramming (right panel) introduces exogenous genes or small molecules to native cardiac fibroblasts and induces in situ transdifferentiation into new contractile cells.