Table 2.

Logistic regression of CAC status with chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic, and glycolithocholic acids

Metabolites	Cases (n)	Unadjusted		Adjusted for Demographics		Fully Adjusted
		OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Chenodeoxycholic acid
Continuousa	—	1.17 (1.04 to 1.33)	0.01	1.18 (1.01 to 1.38)	0.04	1.14 (0.97 to 1.34)	0.11
Tertile 1	12	Reference		Reference		Reference
Tertile 2	13	1.14 (0.42 to 3.08)	0.80	0.84 (0.17 to 4.19)	0.83	0.04 (0.001 to 1.03)	0.05
Tertile 3	26	6.5 (2.17 to 19.43)	0.001	6.34 (1.12 to 36.06)	0.04	1.23 (0.11 to 13.26)	0.87
Deoxycholic acid
Continuousa	—	1.18 (1.04 to 1.34)	0.01	1.17 (1.00 to 1.37)	0.049	1.14 (0.97 to 1.33)	0.10
Tertile 1	11	Reference		Reference		Reference
Tertile 2	14	1.47 (0.54 to 4.01)	0.45	0.93 (0.19 to 4.61)	0.93	0.05 (0.002 to 1.28)	0.07
Tertile 3	26	7.43 (2.46 to 22.42)	<0.001	6.73 (1.20 to 37.82)	0.03	1.58 (0.16 to 15.66)	0.69
Glycolithocholic acid
Continuousa	—	1.05 (1.01 to 1.09)	0.01	1.07 (1.00 to 1.13)	0.04	1.04 (0.97 to 1.12)	0.27
Tertile 1	11	Reference		Reference		Reference
Tertile 2	16	1.88 (0.70 to 5.09)	0.21	1.60 (0.31 to 8.10)	0.57	1.45 (0.16 to 13.52)	0.74
Tertile 3	24	5.33 (1.86 to 15.30)	0.002	8.53 (1.50 to 48.49)	0.02	3.78 (0.32 to 44.84)	0.29

n=33 in each tertile. Demographics included age, sex, and race. Full models were adjusted for demographics; coronary artery disease; and use of calcium-based phosphate binder, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade, and statin for all three bile acids. CAC, coronary artery calcification; OR, odds ratio.

^aUnits for continuous variables were 1 unit in relative intensity for chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid, and 0.01 unit in relative intensity for glycolithocholic acid.