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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Dec 8.
Published in final edited form as: Child Dev. 2021 Aug 26;92(5):e781–e797. doi: 10.1111/cdev.13659

TABLE 4.

The effect of school closures on trends in parent and child emotional and behavioral distress

Parent worry/depression Parent anger/irritability Parent lost temper Parent punished child Child sadness/worry Child uncooperative behavior
B(SE) B(SE) B(SE) B(SE) B(SE) B(SE)
Days −0.001 (0.0004)** −0.0002 (0.0003) 0.0003 (0.0002)+ 0.0001 (0.0002) −0.0002 (0.0003) −0.002 (0.0004)***
Date is after schools closed 0.246 (0.018)*** 0.051 (0.016)** 0.003 (0.008) 0.007 (0.008) 0.070 (0.017)*** 0.064 (0.020)**
Days × date is after schools closed −0.001 (0.0005)* 0.0002 (0.0004) −0.0002 (0.0002) −0.0002 (0.0002) 0.0001 (0.0004) 0.002 (0.0005)***
Constant 1.489 (0.086)*** 1.341 (0.071)*** 0.092 (0.027)*** 0.061 (0.020)** 1.086 (0.063)*** 1.254 (0.096)***
Number of observations 12,209 12,201 12,116 12,149 12,123 12,107
Number of individuals 242 241 240 240 238 238

Note: School fixed effects, parent characteristics, and an indicator for weekend were included in each model but are not displayed in the table.

+

p < .10;

*

p < .05.;

**

p < .01.;

***

p < .001.