. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Dec 8.

Published in final edited form as: Child Dev. 2021 Aug 26;92(5):e781–e797. doi: 10.1111/cdev.13659

TABLE 4.

The effect of school closures on trends in parent and child emotional and behavioral distress

	Parent worry/depression	Parent anger/irritability	Parent lost temper	Parent punished child	Child sadness/worry	Child uncooperative behavior
	B(SE)	B(SE)	B(SE)	B(SE)	B(SE)	B(SE)
Days	−0.001 (0.0004)^**	−0.0002 (0.0003)	0.0003 (0.0002)⁺	0.0001 (0.0002)	−0.0002 (0.0003)	−0.002 (0.0004)^***
Date is after schools closed	0.246 (0.018)^***	0.051 (0.016)^**	0.003 (0.008)	0.007 (0.008)	0.070 (0.017)^***	0.064 (0.020)^**
Days × date is after schools closed	−0.001 (0.0005)^*	0.0002 (0.0004)	−0.0002 (0.0002)	−0.0002 (0.0002)	0.0001 (0.0004)	0.002 (0.0005)^***
Constant	1.489 (0.086)^***	1.341 (0.071)^***	0.092 (0.027)^***	0.061 (0.020)^**	1.086 (0.063)^***	1.254 (0.096)^***
Number of observations	12,209	12,201	12,116	12,149	12,123	12,107
Number of individuals	242	241	240	240	238	238

Note: School fixed effects, parent characteristics, and an indicator for weekend were included in each model but are not displayed in the table.

⁺

p < .10;

p < .05.;

^**

p < .01.;

^***

p < .001.