Table 1 –
Sociodemographic characteristics of the participants in the study
| A+C Cases (Asthma and COVID-19) | C+ Controls (COVID-19 only) | P-value | A+ Controls (Asthma only) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 142 | 1,110 | 140 | ||
| Age, years | 14.6 [10.7-17.9] | 12.0 [4.8-16.9] | <0.001 | 10.2 [7.8-13.9] | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 79 (55.6%) | 560 (50.5%) | 0.24 | 87 (62.1%) | 0.27 |
| Race: - White - Black - Other/unknown |
103 (72.5%) 36 (25.4%) 3 (2.1%) |
905 (81.5%) 113 (10.2%) 92 (8.3%) |
<0.001
|
103 (73.6%) 33 (23.6%) 4 (2.9%) |
0.88 |
| Hispanic | 1 (0.7%) | 8 (0.7%) | 0.96 | 7 (5%) | 0.03 |
| BMI, percentile | 79.0 [50.0-95.2] | 63.0 [30.6-87.6] | <0.001 | 78.6 [48.1-95.3] | 0.93 |
| Household income - Zip code median1 - Below median2 |
$66.9 ($24.9) 80 (57.6%) |
$68.7 ($22.7) 514 (47.6%) |
0.38 0.028 |
$61.7 ($19.0) 81 (58.3%) |
0.048 0.90 |
Numbers represent mean (SD) or median [interquartile range] for continuous variables, and n (%) for categorical variables. BMI: Body mass index. LOS: Length of stay (days). P-values for the comparison of each control group vs A+C cases.
1
Average of the median household incomes (in thousands of USD) for all participants’ zip codes, based on US Census American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year data (2015-2019).
2
Number of participants who live in zip codes with median household income below the median for all zip codes in the study.