Table 2. Additional Statistical Analyses for Behavioral Tests.

Details and results of statistical analyses conducted for behavioral tests. ANOVA: analysis of variance, WT: wildtype, Mixed ANOVA: ANOVA with a repeated measure (day, time, trial, quadrant, decibel, or interaction target). F(x,y): F ratio statistic is used to determine whether the variances in two independent samples are equal, x,y are degrees of freedom (df).

Tests of Sensory Sensitivity (Fig. 1)
N	Test Variant	Parameter	Comparison	Results
11 pairs	Shock Threshold	Jump	Genotype & Sex	2-way ANOVA: genotype F(1,18)=0.94, p=0.34, sex F(1,18)=0.26, p=0.62, genotype × sex interaction F(1,18)=0.61, p=0.45.
		Flinch	Genotype & Sex	2-way ANOVA: genotype F(1,18)=0.081, p=0.78, sex F(1,18)=0.39, p=0.54, genotype × sex interaction F(1,18)=1.17, p=0.29.
3-Box Social Interaction Test (Fig. 2)
23 pairs	Social vs. Inanimate Preference	Time Interaction	Genotype, Sex, & Interaction Target	3-way Mixed ANOVA; genotype F(1,42)=1.56, p=0.22; sex F(1,42)=2.05, p=0.16; target F(1,42)=3.11, p=0.08; genotype × sex interaction F(1,42)=1.23, p=0.27; genotype × target interaction F(1,42)=0.002, p=0.97; genotype × sex × target interaction F(1,42)=0.06, p=0.81
23 pairs	Familiar vs. Novel Preference	Time Interaction	Genotype, Sex, & Interaction Target	3-way Mixed ANOVA; genotype F(1,42)=0.74, p=0.39; sex F(1,42)=0.46, p=0.50; target F(1,42)=10.59, p<0.003; genotype × sex interaction F(1,42)=1.06, p=0.31; genotype × target interaction F(1,42)=0.72, p=0.40; sex × target interaction F(1,42)=0.03, p=0.87; genotype × sex × target interaction F(1,42)=0.55, p=0.46
Social Interaction with a Juvenile (Fig. 2)
23 pairs	Social Interaction with a Juvenile	Time Interaction	Genotype, Sex, & Trial	3-way Mixed ANOVA: genotype F(1,42)=0.74, p=0.39, sex F(1,42)=4.47, p<0.041; trial F(1,42)=13.61, p<0.0007; genotype × sex interaction F(1,42)=0.34, p=0.56; genotype × trial interaction F(1,42)=0.08, p=0.78; sex × trial interaction F(1,42)=3.37, p=0.07; genotype × sex × trial interaction F(1,42)=1.47, p=0.23
			Genotype (WT vs. KO) within each Trial	Planned comparisons; Trial 1 only: F(1,42)=0.53, p=0.47; Trial 2 only: F(1,42)=0.80, p=0.38
			Trial (1st vs. 2nd) within each genotype	Planned comparisons; WT only: F(1,42)=5.81, p<0.021; NL1 KO only: F(1,42)=7.88, p<0.008
Morris Water Maze (Fig. 3 and Supplemental Figure 2)
23 pairs	Initial Training	Latency to Platform	Genotype, Sex, & Day	3-way Mixed ANOVA: genotype F(1,42)=0.54, p = 0.47, sex, F(1,42)=0.21, p=0.65, day F(10,420)=8.34, p<0.000001, genotype × sex interaction, F(1,42)=0.11, p=0.74, genotype × day interaction, F(10,420)=0.43, p=0.93, sex × day interaction, F(10,420)=0.43, p=0.11, genotype × sex × day interaction, F(10,400)=0.94, p=0.50
		% Thigmotaxis	Genotype, Sex, & Day	3-way Mixed ANOVA: genotype F(1,42)=0.10, p = 0.95, sex, F(1,42)=0.055, p=0.82, day F(10,420)=11.89, p<0.000001, genotype × sex interaction, F(1,42)=0.000001, p=0.99, genotype × day interaction, F(10,420)=0.83, p=0.60, sex × day interaction, F(10,420)=0.64, p=0.78, genotype × sex × day interaction, F(10,420)=0.38, p=0.96
23 pairs	Initial Probe	% Time in Quadrant	Genotype, Sex, & Quadrant	3-way Mixed ANOVA: sex F(1,42)=1.57, p=0.22, genotype F(1,42)=0.04, p=0.84, quadrant F(3,126)=11.69, p<0.000001, sex × genotype interaction F(1,42)=0.04, p=0.84, sex × quadrant interaction F(3,126)=0.74 p=0.53, genotype × quadrant interaction F(3,126)=3.74, p<0.02, sex × genotype × quadrant interaction F(3,126)=0.09, p=0.96
11 pairs	Visible Platform Task (Suppl. Fig. 2)	Latency to Platform	Genotype, Sex, & Trial	3-way Mixed ANOVA: sex F(1,17)=0.81, p=0.38; genotype F(1,17)=0.01, p=0.91; trial F(11,187)=8.01, p<0.000001; sex × genotype interaction F(1,17)=0.005, p=0.95; sex × trial interaction F(11,187)=0.52, p=0.89; genotype × trial interaction F(11,187)=1.49, p=0.14; sex × genotype × trial interaction F(11,187)=0.93, p=0.51
Grooming + DCS (Fig. 7)
Veh: 20 pairs DCS: 19 pairs	Grooming 30 min after drug treatment	Time Grooming	Genotype, Sex, & Treatment	3-way ANOVA; sex F(1,40)=0.57, p=0.45; genotype F(1,40)= 9.25, p<0.004; treatment F(1,40)=6.01, p<0.02; sex × genotype interaction F(1,40)=0.51, p=0.48; sex × treatment F(1,40)=0.37, p=0.54; genotype × treatment interaction F(1,40)=2.98, p=0.09; sex × genotype × treatment interaction F(1,40)=0.85, p=0.36
			Genotype and Treatment	Post-hoc Tukey HSD Test; KO+veh vs. KO+DCS: p<0.02; KO+veh vs. WT+DCS: p<0.002; KO+DCS vs. WT+veh: p=0.97; WT+veh vs. WT+DCS: p=0.95
Anxiety-like Behavior (Supplemental Figs. 1 and 2)
23 pairs	Elevated Plus Maze	Frequency to Enter Open Arms/Frequency to Enter all Arms	Genotype & Sex	2-way ANOVA: genotype F(1,42)=0.00034, p=0.99, sex F(1,42)=0.25, p=0.62, genotype × sex interaction F(1,42)=2.80, p<0.021. No significant comparisons with Tukey post hoc test for the interaction.
		Time in Open Arms/Time in All Arms	Genotype & Sex	2-way ANOVA: genotype F(1,42)=0.92, p=0.34, sex F(1,42)=1.47, p=0.23, genotype × sex interaction F(1,42)=4.52, p<0.039. No significant comparisons with Tukey post hoc test for the interaction.
23 pairs	Dark/light Box	Latency to Enter Light Side	WT vs. NL1 KO	2-way ANOVA: genotype F(1,42)=1.00, p=0.32, sex F(1,42)=0.066, p=0.79, genotype × sex interaction F(1,42)=4.736, p<0.035. No significant comparisons with Tukey post hoc test for the interaction.
		Time in Light Side	WT vs. NL1 KO	2-way ANOVA: genotype F(1,42)=3.32, p=0.077, sex F(1,42)=0.13, p=0.72, genotype × sex interaction F(1,42)=0.29, p=0.59.
		Total Activity	WT vs. NL1 KO	2-way ANOVA: genotype F(1,42)=3.37, p=0.073, sex F(1,42)=0.011, p=0.92, genotype × sex interaction F(1,42)=0.12, p=0.73.
23 pairs	Open Field	Time in Center/Time in Periphery	WT vs. NL1 KO	2-way ANOVA: genotype F(1,42)=0.53, p=0.47, sex F(1,42)=1.93, p=0.17, genotype × sex interaction F(1,42)=1.13, p=0.29.
		Frequency in Center	WT vs. NL1 KO	2-way ANOVA: genotype F(1,42)=0.52, p=0.47, sex F(1,42)=4.09, p=0.05, genotype × sex interaction F(1,42)=0.74, p=0.40.
		Distance Traveled	WT vs. NL1 KO	2-way ANOVA: genotype F(1,42)=1.59, p=0.21, sex F(1,42)=0.17, p=0.68, genotype × sex interaction F(1,42)=0.15, p=0.70.
		Velocity	WT vs. NL1 KO	2-way ANOVA: genotype F(1,42)=1.59, p=0.21, sex F(1,42)=0.17, p=0.68, genotype × sex interaction F(1,42)=0.15, p=0.70.
Motor Coordination (Supplemental Fig. 2)
23 pairs	Rotarod	Time to Fall Off	Genotype, Sex, & Trial	3-way mixed ANOVA, genotype F(1,42)=0.17, p=0.69, sex F(1,42)=4.86, p<0.033, trial F(26,1092)=6.24, p<0.00001, no genotype × sex interaction F(1,42)=0.35, p=0.56, no genotype × trial interaction F(26,1092)=0.78, p=0.78, no sex × trial interaction F(26,1092)=0.92, p=0.59, no genotype × sex × trial interaction F(26,1092)=0.56, p=0.96.
Locomotor Activity (Supplemental Fig. 2)
23 pairs	Locomotor activity in a novel home cage	Locomotor Activity	Genotype, Sex, & Trial	3-way mixed ANOVA, genotype F(1,30)=0.043, p=0.84, sex F(1,30)=6.56, p<0.016, trial F(23,690)=41.22, p<0.00001, no genotype × sex interaction F(1,30)=0.016, p=0.90, no genotype × trial interaction F(23,690)=0.58, p=0.94, no sex × trial interaction F(23,690)=0.39, p=0.99, no genotype × sex × trial interaction F(23,690)=0.89, p=0.62.
Startle Response (Supplemental Fig. 2)
23 pairs	Startle Response	Baseline Startle Amplitude	Genotype & Sex	2-way ANOVA: genotype F(1,40)=0.85, p=0.36, sex F(1,40)=0.90, p=0.35, genotype × sex interaction F(1,40)=0.097, p=0.76.
		Prepulse Inhibition	Genotype, Sex, & Decibel	3-way mixed ANOVA: genotype F(1,40)=0.064, p=0.80, sex F(1,40)=3.50, p=0.069, decibel F(2,80)=66.99, p<0.000001, genotype × sex interaction F(1,40)=0.85, p=0.36, genotype × decibel interaction F(2,80)=0.35, p=0.71, sex × decibel interaction F(2,80)=2.01, p=0.14, genotype × sex × decibel interaction F(2,80)=0.58, p=0.56.

Legend. Details and results of statistical analyses conducted for behavioral tests. ANOVA: analysis of variance, WT: wildtype, Mixed ANOVA: ANOVA with a repeated measure (i.e. within-subjects factor) Repeated measures used in the analyses were Target (for the 3-box social interaction test), Trial (for social interaction with a juvenile, visible platform task, rotarod, and locomotor activity), Day (for Morris water maze), Quadrant (for Morris water maze probe trial), and Decibel (for prepulse inhibition). F(x,y): F ratio statistic is used to determine whether the variances in two independent samples are equal, x,y are degrees of freedom (df).