Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 19.
Published in final edited form as: Evol Dev. 2021 Dec 16;23(6):477–495. doi: 10.1111/ede.12395

Figure 4. Mandible (MAN) shape variation in the Pom x Scan F2 population.

Figure 4.

(A) Principal components (PCs) that collectively explain 90% of MAN shape variation. PCs that account for more than 5% of variation are indicated in blue. (B) PCA plots of PC1 vs. PC2 (left) and PC1 vs. PC3 (right). Founders are highlighted in blue (Scan) and red (Pom), F2 birds are denoted in black. (C-E) Visualizations of PC1 (C), PC2 (D), and PC3 (E) minimum and maximum shapes in three ways: heatmaps displaying distance from mean shape (left), wireframes showing displacement of landmarks from mean shape (center), and warped meshes (right). For wireframes and meshes, shape changes are magnified to aid visualization: 1.5x for PC1 and PC2, 2x for PC3.