TABLE 3:
Model estimates of the associations of school FV availability (frequency), the school neighborhood food environment (count of food outlets within 1 km and 5 km) by food outlet categories, and their interaction with student FV intake frequency (times/day)
| Food outlet category | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fast food outlets | Full-service restaurants | Convenience stores | Grocery stores/Supermarkets | |
| FV intake (times/day) | ||||
| Independent variables | β (95% Cl) | β (95% Cl) | β (95% Cl) | β (95% Cl) |
| Model 1: 1 km school food environment | ||||
| School FV availability1 | 0.16 (0.01, 0.31) * | 0.15 (0.003, 0.29) * | 0.14 (−0.002, 0.29) | 0.15 (−0.002, 0.29) |
| Food outlets | 0.33 (0.03, 0.63) * | 0.06 (−0.05, 0.18) | −0.12 (−0.42, 0.19) | 0.04 (−0.03, 0.11) |
| School FV availability *Food outlets | −0.07 (−0.13, −0.01) * | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.01) | −0.02 (−0.05, 0.02) | −0.01 (−0.02, 0.002) |
| Model 2: 5 km school food environment | ||||
| School FV availability | 0.24 (0.08, 0.40) * | 0.16 (0.02, 0.31) * | 0.16 (0.01, 0.31) * | 0.15 (0.002, 0.30) * |
| Food outlets | 0.05 (0.02, 0.08) * | 0.01 (0.001, 0.01) * | 0.03 (−0.01, 0.06) | 0.004 (−0.001, 0.01) |
| School FV availability *Food outlets | −0.01 (−0.01, −0.004) * | −0.001 (−0.002, −0.0002) * | −0.005 (−0.01, −0.00001) * | −0.001 (−0.001, 0.0001) |
School availability of the food group corresponding to the outcome variable (e.g., school fruit and vegetable availability with student fruit and vegetable intake frequency). FV availability score ranges from 0 (no fruits, vegetables or 100% fruit juice offered any day) to 6 (fruits, vegetables and 100% fruit juice offered every day); snacks availability score ranges from 0 (no chocolate and candy, salty snacks or sweet snacks offered any day) to 6 (chocolate and candy, salty snacks and sweet snacks offered every day); soda availability score ranges from 0 (no soda offered any day) to 2 (soda offered every day).
Linear mixed models were used to calculate estimates.
Models adjusted for race/ethnicity (ref=white), parent education (ref=high school or less), family affluence (ref=low affluence), neighborhood land use mix, neighborhood population density, and neighborhood poverty rate.
p < 0.05