TABLE 1. Effects of PARP-1 activation on glycolytic intermediates upstream of GAPDH.

Mouse cortical neurons were exposed to 75 µM MNNG for 30 minutes. PJ34 (200 nM) and DPQ (25 µM) were added with MNNG, and NAD⁺ (5 mM) was added after MNNG washout. Levels of dihyroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), glyceraldehyde phosphate (GAP), and fructose biphosphate FBP) were measured at 30 minutes after MNNG washout. Iodoacetate (IA, 250 µM) was used as a positive control for GAPDH inhibition. Data are means ± SEM; n = 3.

Condition	DHAP	GAP (pmol/mg)	FBP
Control	2.24 ± 0.74	0.93 ± 0.26	1.64 ± 0.97
MNNG	11.18 ± 2.57 #	2.37 ± 0.62 #	8.52 ± 1.69 #
MNNG +PJ34	2.28 ± 0.96 **	1.06 ±0.23 *	2.22 ±1.29 **
MNNG +DPQ	2.58 ± 0.84 **	1.20 ± 0.34	3.19 ± 1.15 **
MNNG +NAD	1.52 ± 0.90 **	1.13 ± 0.22*	3.39 ± 1.29 **
IA	9.83 ± 2.06 #	3.10 ± 1.14 #	6.93 ± 0.73 #

(vs. Control) # p<0.01

(vs. MNNG) *p<0.05 **p<0.01