Table 1.

Overview of the scope of data collection in the Boston Birth Cohort

Domains of influence	Levels of influence
	Individual	Family/Interpersonal	Community/Society
Biological	Genome-wide genotypes; metabolome, RNA, biomarkers of folate, B12, Vitamin D	Maternal and child health	Immunization, prenatal screening (AFP, hCG, estriol),
Behavioral	Smoking, alcohol, opioids, marijuana, cocaine, stress, mental health	Marital status, household composition, support of partner, family, and friends; smokers in the household; mental health, sleep/wake patterns	Witness of violence, rate of crime, smoking, alcohol, drug use, incarceration
Nutritional	Dietary patterns, beverage consumption, receipt of WIC, food stamps,	Cultural food preference	Grocery stores, farmer’s market access, fast food restaurants, health statistics by zip codes, rate of obesity, diabetes
Environment	Exposure to ambient and indoor air pollution, fuel type, old housing, indoor pests, household pets, carpet, molds	Family income, country of origin, immigration, ability to speak English, receipt of public assistance, WIC, employment, access to technology	Disinvested and marginalized neighborhoods, race and ethnicity (self-reported), green space, built environment, public schools, parks, highways, transportation availability, neighborhood crime rates
Health care	Prenatal and delivery care; lab tests, BMI, BP, diagnoses, medications, services	Type of insurance, type and frequency of clinical visits, age, parity, child with special health care needs	Type and completeness of recommended preventive care, zip code level morbidity and mortality
Sources of data	Questionnaires, medical records, study visits, lab tests, biosample/biomarkers	Questionnaires, medical records, lab tests, study visits, biosample/biomarkers	Census data, vital statistics, police crime reports, GPS, air monitors

WIC, women, infant and children’s supplemental nutrition program; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; hCG, human chorionic gonadotropin; GPS, global positioning system