Table 3.
Associations between risk factors and COVID related hospitalization.
| Variables | Hospitalized N=26 |
Not hospitalized N=61 |
Univariable | Multivariable* (n= 79; 24 Hospitalized and 55 Not hospitalized) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | P value | OR | P value | |||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| ≥15 years | 11 | 18 | 1.8 (0.7–4.5) | 0.31 | ND | ND | ||
| <15 years | 15 | 43 | ||||||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 17 | 31 | 1.8 (0.7–4.7) | 0·25 | ND | ND | ||
| Female | 9 | 30 | ||||||
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Hispanic | 22 | 42 | 2.5 (0.8–8.2) | 0·18 | ND | ND | ||
| Non-Hispanic | 4 | 19 | ||||||
| Weight statusa | ||||||||
| Obese/OW | 14 | 28 | 1.4 (0.5–3.5) | 0.64 | ND | ND | ||
| Lean | 12 | 33 | ||||||
| Cancer | ||||||||
| Hem | 22 | 41 | 2.7 (0.8–8.8) | 0.12 | ND | ND | ||
| Non-hem | 4 | 20 | ||||||
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Yes | 18 | 33 | 1.9 (0.7–5.1) | 0.24 | ND | ND | ||
| No | 8 | 28 | ||||||
| Co_pulm | ||||||||
| Yes | 3 | 2 | 3.9 (0.6–24.5) | 0.16 | ND | ND | ||
| No | 23 | 59 | ||||||
| Co_cardiac | ||||||||
| Yes | 4 | 5 | 2 (0.5–8.3) | 0·44 | ND | ND | ||
| No | 22 | 56 | ||||||
| Co_renal | ||||||||
| Yes | 1 | 3 | 0.8 (0.1–7.8) | 1 | ND | ND | ||
| No | 25 | 58 | ||||||
| Co_neuro | ||||||||
| Yes | 4 | 10 | 0.9 (0.3–3.3) | 1 | ND | ND | ||
| No | 22 | 51 | ||||||
| Co_GI | ||||||||
| Yes | 4 | 6 | 1.7 (0.4–6.5) | 0·48 | ND | ND | ||
| No | 22 | 55 | ||||||
| Co_endocrine | ||||||||
| Yes | 1 | 3 | 0.8 (0.1–7.8) | 1 | ND | ND | ||
| No | 25 | 58 | ||||||
| Co_infection | ||||||||
| Yes | 5 | 3 | 4.6 (1–21) | 0.048 | 6.6 (1.02–42.7) | 0.046 | ||
| No | 21 | 58 | ||||||
| Co_other | ||||||||
| Yes | 9 | 10 | 2.7 (0.9–7.8) | 0.15 | ND | ND | ||
| No | 17 | 51 | ||||||
| Therapy | ||||||||
| Chemo | 21 | 43 | 0.37 | ND | ND | |||
| HSCT | 2 | 13 | 0.3 (0.1–1.5) | 0.21 | ||||
| CAR | 3 | 5 | 1.2 (0.3–5.6) | 1 | ||||
| Steroids | ||||||||
| Yes | 12 | 6 | 7.9 (2.5–24.6) | 0.003 | 5.1 (1.3–20.1) | 0.02 | ||
| No | 14 | 55 | ||||||
| Anthracycline | ||||||||
| Yes | 22 | 43 | 2.3 (0.7–7.6) | 0.19 | ND | ND | ||
| No | 4 | 18 | ||||||
| Neutropenia | ||||||||
| Yes | 9 | 5 | 5.9 (1.7–20.1) | 0.004 | NS | |||
| No | 17 | 56 | ||||||
| Lymphopenia | ||||||||
| Yes | 17 | 18 | 4.5 (1.7–12) | 0.004 | 7.1 (1.8–28) | 0.006 | ||
| No | 9 | 43 | ||||||
| PCR Ct (mean) | 20.2 (n=24) |
27.2 (n=55) |
0.0002 | 0.9(0.83–0.97) | 0.01 | |||
All p values are two sided. Univariable p values (Fisher exact test for all categorial variables and t-test for Ct) were not adjusted for multiple comparisons and should be interpreted with caution. Multivariable analysis was done using logistic regression. ND: not done. NS: not significant. Co: comorbidity. GI: gastrointestinal. Pulm: pulmonary. Neur: neurological. Steroids: exposure to steroids within 14 days prior to COVID-19 diagnosis (does not include steroids administered for COVID-19 management). Neutropenia: ANC <500. Lymphopenia: ALC < 500.
Multivariable analysis p values and odds ratios shown are from a logistic regression analysis of data from the 79 patients for whom PCR Ct data were available. Lymphopenia, Steroids, and Co-Infection were significantly associated with hospitalization, and neutropenia was not significantly associated with hospitalization in a separate multivariable logistic regression analysis of data from all 87 patients that did not include PCR Ct as a variable.