Table 1.
Alcohol research which reports front-loading-like behavior.
| Protocol | Species | Sex Differences? | Citation | How is front-loading calculated? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DID (20% EtOH vs. water) | B6 mice | No sex difference in front-loading | Rhodes et al. 2007 | Assessment of sipper contacts in 30-minute bins |
| DID (20% EtOH vs. water) | B6 mice | N/A – males only | Linsenbardt and Boehm 2014 | Comparison to water group |
| DID (20% EtOH vs. water) | B6 mice | N/A – males only | Wilcox et al. 2014 | Intake in the early part of the session is compared to a later part of the session |
| DID (20% EtOH) | B6 mice | F w/EtOH DID history front-load more quinine-adulterated alcohol than M | Bauer et al. 2021 | 30 minute EtOH intake of EtOH-history group compared to water-history group |
| DID (20% EtOH vs. water) | B6 mice | N/A – males only | Salling et al. 2018 | Comparsion to water group |
| DID (20% EtOH vs. water) | HAP1 mice | No interaction of sex. All graphs shown collapsed on sex | Linsenbardt and Boehm 2015 | Comparison to water group |
| DID (20% EtOH vs. water) | HAP2;3 mice | No interaction of sex. All graphs shown collapsed on sex | Ardinger et al. 2020 | Comparison to water group; comparison to flat distribution of intake |
| DID (20% EtOH vs. water) | HDID1, HDID2, and Hs-Npt (progenitor) mice | No sex difference in front-loading | Jensen et al. 2021 | Comparison of time to reach >80 mg/dL BEC (HDID1/2 vs. Hs-Npt) |
| IA2BC (24-hr MWF, 20% EtOH and water) | Wistar rats | N/A – m2B ales only | Darevsky et al., 2019 | Comparison to flat distribution of intake |
| Operant self-administration (FR1, FR3) | Wistar rats | F front-load more than M in 30 min FR1 session; no sex differences observed in 30 or 15 minute FR3 sessions | Flores-Bonilla et al., 2021 | Intake in the early part of the session is compared to a later part of the session |
| Operant self-administration (FR3) | Long-Evans rats | N/A – males only | Jeanblanc et al., 2018 | Comparison of lever presses across different session lengths: 1 hour, 30 min, and 15 min |
| IA2BC (24-hr MWF, 20% EtOH and water) | Sprague-Dawley rats | No sex difference in first hour intake on last 3 days | Quadir et al., 2022 | Assessment of first hour intake |
| IA2BC (2-hr: 15% EtOH and water) following vapor CIE or air only | B6 mice | N/A – males only | Griffin et al., 2009 | Comparison of lick pattern: CIE versus air control |
| IA2BC (24-hr MWF, 20% EtOH and water) | Long-Evans rats | N/A – males only | Carnicella et al., 2009 | Assessment of first hour intake |
Abbreviations: B6: C57BL/6J; DID: drinking-in-the-dark; FR1/3: fixed ratio 1/3; 2BC: two-bottle choice; HAP: high alcohol-preferring; HDID: high drinking-in-the-dark; IA2BC: intermittent access to 2-bottle choice; MWF: Monday, Wednesday, and Friday; CIE: chronic intermittent access.