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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Aug 2.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Med. 2021 Jul 12;53(2):524–532. doi: 10.1017/S0033291721001896

Table 1. Cross-lagged and autoregressive parameters for all models tested (28 possible pairwise contrasts of three behavioral, three mental health, and two substance use variables).

Effects are standardized with 95% confidence intervals and FDR adjusted p values. Significant cross-lagged effects (following adjustment are shown in bold).

Cross lagged Autoregressive
1 ➔ 2 2 ➔ 1 1 ➔ 1 2 ➔ 2
Est (CI) P Est (CI) P Est (CI) P Est (CI) P
1. News
2. Worry
0.034 (0.018 to 0.049) 0.00005 0.030 (0.012 to 0.048) 0.002 0.23 (0.21 to 0.25) <0.00001 0.19 (0.17 to 0.21) <0.00001
1. News
2. Struggling
0.064 (0.030 to 0.098) 0.0005 0.0009 (−0.007 to 0.009) 0.89 0.23 (0.22 to 0.25) <0.00001 0.095 (0.078 to 0.113) <0.00001
1. News
2. Striving
−0.019 (−0.040 to 0.0015) 0.11 −0.016 (−0.030 to −0.0027) 0.03 0.23 (0.22 to 0.25) <0.00001 0.20 (0.19 to 0.22) <0.00001
1. News
2. Physical contact
0.021 (0.0062 to 0.036) 0.01 −0.0018 (−0.020 to 0.017) 0.90 0.23 (0.22 to 0.25) <0.00001 0.12 (0.098 to 0.13) <0.00001
1. News
2. Virtual contact
0.024 (0.0097 to 0.038) 0.002 −0.017 (−0.036 to 0.003) 0.14 0.24 (0.22 to 0.25) <0.00001 0.12 (0.10 to 0.14) <0.00001
1. News
2. Drugs
0.0015 (−0.0009 to 0.004) 0.31 0.18 (0.066 to 0.30) 0.003 0.23 (0.22 to 0.25) <0.00001 0.18 (0.16 to 0.20) <0.00001
1. News
2. Alcohol
−0.0002 (−0.009 to 0.008) 0.97 0.0006 (−0.031 to 0.033) 0.97 0.23 (0.22 to 0.25) <0.00001 0.17 (0.16 to 0.19) <0.00001
1. Physical contact
2. Worry
−0.0051 (−0.022 to 0.012) 0.66 −0.0017 (−0.018 to 0.015) 0.89 0.12 (0.099 to 0.13) <0.00001 0.20 (0.18 to 0.21) <0.00001
1. Physical contact
2. Struggling
−0.0068 (−0.045 to 0.031) 0.80 0.0032 (−0.042 to 0.011) 0.52 0.12 (0.099 to 0.13) <0.00001 0.10 (0.080 to 0.11) <0.00001
1. Physical contact
2. Striving
0.0055 (−0.017 to 0.028) 0.74 −0.0077 (−0.020 to 0.0048) 0.32 0.12 (0.099 to 0.13) <0.00001 0.20 (0.19 to 0.22) <0.00001
1. Physical contact
2. Drugs
0.0009 (−0.0018 to 0.0036) 0.61 −0.022 (−0.13 to 0.083) 0.78 0.12 (0.10 to 0.14) <0.00001 0.18 (0.16 to 0.20) <0.00001
1. Physical contact
2. Alcohol
0.009 (−0.0003 to 0.019) 0.09 0.0059 (−0.024 to 0.036) 0.78 0.12 (0.098 to 0.13) <0.00001 0.17 (0.15 to 0.19) <0.00001
1. Physical contact
2. Virtual contact
0.0005 (−0.015 to 0.016) 0.97 −0.0035 (−0.022 to 0.015) 0.78 0.12 (0.099 to 0.13) <0.00001 0.12 (0.11 to 0.14) <0.00001
1. Virtual contact
2. Worry
0.0065 (−0.012 to 0.025) 0.59 −0.00064 (−0.016 to 0.015) 0.97 0.12 (0.11 to 0.14) <0.00001 0.20 (0.18 to 0.21) <0.00001
1. Virtual contact
2. Struggling
0.032 (−0.008 to 0.072) 0.17 0.002 (−0.005 to 0.009) 0.66 0.12 (0.11 to 0.14) <0.00001 0.097 (0.080 to 0.11) <0.00001
1. Virtual contact
2. Striving
0.022 (−0.0017 to 0.047) 0.11 0.0058 (−0.0058 to 0.017) 0.44 0.12 (0.11 to 0.14) <0.00001 0.20 (0.18 to 0.22) <0.00001
1. Virtual contact
2. Drugs
−4.9e-05 (−0.003 to 0.003) 0.97 0.078 (−0.02 to 0.18) 0.17 0.12 (0.11 to 0.14) <0.00001 0.18 (0.16 to 0.20) <0.00001
1. Virtual contact
2. Alcohol
0.0086 (−0.0014 to 0.019) 0.14 −0.0098 (−0.037 to 0.018) 0.59 0.13 (0.11 to 0.14) <0.00001 0.17 (0.16 to 0.19) <0.00001
1. Drugs
2. Worry
0.022 (−0.085 to 0.13) 0.78 −0.0041 (−0.0067 to −0.0015) 0.003 0.18 (0.16 to 0.20) <0.00001 0.20 (0.18 to 0.21) <0.00001
1. Drugs
2. Struggling
0.073 (−0.16 to 0.31) 0.65 −0.0007 (−0.0018 to 0.0005) 0.35 0.18 (0.16 to 0.20) <0.00001 0.096 (0.079 to 0.11) <0.00001
1. Drugs
2. Striving
−0.17 (−0.31 to −0.027) 0.03 0.0007 (−0.0013 to 0.0027) 0.59 0.18 (0.16 to 0.20) <0.00001 0.20 (0.19 to 0.22) <0.00001
1. Alcohol
2. Worry
0.012 (−0.018 to 0.042) 0.53 −0.0010 (−0.010 to 0.0081) 0.89 0.17 (0.16 to 0.19) <0.00001 0.20 (0.18 to 0.21) <0.00001
1. Alcohol
2. Struggling
−0.035 (−0.10 to 0.031) 0.40 0.0017 (−0.0024 to 0.0058) 0.53 0.17 (0.16 to 0.19) <0.00001 0.097 (0.079 to 0.11) <0.00001
1. Alcohol
2. Striving
−0.0017 (−0.041 to 0.038) 0.97 0.0065 (−0.0004
to 0.014)
0.10 0.17 (0.16 to 0.19) <0.00001 0.20 (0.19 to 0.22) <0.00001
1. Drugs
2. Alcohol
0.026 (−0.034 to 0.085) 0.52 0.0023 (−0.002 to 0.007) 0.44 0.18 (0.16 to 0.20) <0.00001 0.17 (0.16 to 0.19) <0.00001
1. Worry
2. Struggling
0.071 (0.034 to 0.11) 0.0003 0.012 (0.0044 to 0.020) 0.003 0.19 (0.18 to 0.21) <0.00001 0.092 (0.075 to 0.11) <0.00001
1. Worry
2. Striving
−0.019 (−0.041 to 0.0035) 0.14 −0.02 (−0.033 to −0.007) 0.003 0.19 (0.18 to 0.21) <0.00001 0.20 (0.18 to 0.22) <0.00001
1. Struggling
2. Striving
−0.011 (−0.021 to −0.0004) 0.07 −0.099 (−0.13 to −0.070) 5.1 e-11 0.079 (0.061 to 0.097) <0.00001 0.20 (0.18 to 0.22) <0.00001