Table 3.
Interrupted time series analysis results for antidepressant, antipsychotic, antianxiety, hypnotic, and opioid medication use among long-stay nursing home residents with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias pre-COVID-19 and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
| Antidepressant | Antipsychotic | Antianxiety | Hypnotic | Opioid | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Est. | 95% CI | Est. | 95% CI | Est. | 95% CI | Est. | 95% CI | Est. | 95% CI | |
|
| ||||||||||
| Period 1 (Jan 2018- Feb 2020): Pre-COVID-19 | ||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| % Use at beginning of period 1 (Jan 2018) | 54.6 | 15.1 | 19.6 | 1.0 | 29.7 | |||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Slope during pre-COVID-19 period | −0.04 | −0.08, −0.001* | −0.02 | −0.04, 0.01 | −0.09 | −0.10, −0.07** | −0.02 | −0.03, −0.01** | −0.19 | −0.21, −0.17** |
|
| ||||||||||
| Period 2 (Mar 2020 – Jun 2021): During COVID-19 | ||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Slope during COVID-19 period | 0.37 | 0.28, 0.45** | 0.05 | 0.01, 0.09* | 0.08 | 0.04, 0.13* | −0.01 | −0.02, 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.001, 0.09* |
|
| ||||||||||
| Slope change pre- and during COVID-19 | 0.41 | 0.31, 0.50** | 0.07 | 0.02, 0.12* | 0.17 | 0.13, 0.21** | 0.01 | −0.001, 0.03 | 0.24 | 0.19, 0.29** |
|
| ||||||||||
| % Use at end of period 2 (Jun 2021) | 58.0 | 15.5 | 18.7 | 0.4 | 24.6 | |||||
Est. = Estimate, 95% CI = 95% Confidence Interval
*
p < 0.05
**
p < 0.001
Residents with diagnoses of Huntington’s disease, Tourette syndrome, or schizophrenia were excluded. Prevalence reported in the predicted percent from the interrupted time series model.