Table 4.

Adjusted odds ratios: Correlates of hospitalization in adults with diabetes with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Characteristic	Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p-value
Type 2 diabetes	0.65 (0.53–0.78)	<0.001
Age (years)
18–29	1 [Reference]
30–39	1.55 (1.23–1.95)	<0.001
40–49	1.64 (1.32–2.03)	<0.001
50–59	2.36 (1.91–2.91)	<0.001
60–69	3.69 (2.98–4.55)	<0.001
70–79	5.41 (4.34–6.74)	<0.001
80+	9.16 (7.25–11.57)	<0.001
Sex
Female	1 [Reference]
Male	1.40 (1.31–1.49)	<0.001
Race and ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	1 [Reference]
Non-Hispanic Black	0.94 (0.85–1.04)	0.345
Hispanic	0.72 (0.66–0.79)	<0.001
AAPI/AIAN/NHO	0.92 (0.81–1.05)	0.334
Payer
Private insurance	1 [Reference]
Public insurance	1.32 (1.21–1.45)	<0.001
Government/Military	1.07 (0.81–1.41)	0.696
Charity/Other	1.20 (0.87–1.64)	0.350
Self-pay	0.79 (0.68–0.91)	0.003
BMI (kg/m2)
18.5–24.9	1 [Reference]
<18.5	1.89 (1.27–2.80)	0.003
25.0–29.9	0.83 (0.75–0.93)	0.002
30.0–34.9	0.74 (0.67–0.83)	<0.001
35.0–39.9	0.83 (0.73–0.94)	0.005
>=40	1.04 (0.92–1.18)	0.553
Census division
West South Central	1 [Reference]
East North Central	1.18 (0.59–2.35)	0.702
East South Central	3.67 (1.35–9.97)	0.019
Middle Atlantic	2.38 (1.01–5.58)	0.073
Mountain	1.24 (0.56–2.72)	0.667
New England	1.54 (0.63–3.78)	0.436
Pacific	1.33 (0.66–2.67)	0.505
South Atlantic	1.36 (0.69–2.66)	0.456
West North Central	0.77 (0.40–1.50)	0.526
Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency	1.52 (1.33–1.73)	<0.001
Concurrent hyperglycemia and acidosis	11.50 (9.31–14.20)	<0.001
Hemoglobin A1c*	1.05 (1.04–1.07)	<0.001

A forest plot of the adjusted odds ratios is in Supplemental Figure 3. Unadjusted odds ratios are in Supplemental Table 14.

^*HbA1c was analyzed as a continuous variable, in NGSP units (%).

Abbreviations: AAPI/AIAN/NHO, Asian American/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Other; BMI, body mass index