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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 15.
Published in final edited form as: Acta Neuropathol. 2022 Dec 20;145(3):303–324. doi: 10.1007/s00401-022-02526-0

Table 1.

Multiple linear regression of top factors on cognitive performance

Brain region Outcome Effect LogWorth p value R 2
Hippocampus CASI-IRT Ihc at8 2.59 0.0026 0.30
Ihc Aβ ffpe 2.50 0.0031
mem Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio 2.52 0.0031 0.22
ihc at8 0.85 0.1420
exf ihc tau2 ffpe 4.15 < 0.0001 0.32
Il-1β pg/mg 2.04 0.0091
lan ihc at8 ffpe 3.91 0.0001 0.55
ihc iba1 ffpe 2.82 0.0015
vsp mcp1 pg/mg 2.99 0.0010 0.62
ihc gfap ffpe 2.82 0.0015
TCx CASI-IRT tE/I ratio 2.28 0.0052 0.15
Aβ1–42 pg/mg 1.36 0.0438
mem ihc Aβ 1.17 0.0675 0.09
tE/I ratio 0.79 0.1618
exf tE/I ratio 1.96 0.0111 0.10
mip1a pg/mg 0.55 0.2797
lan ihc at8 ffpe 4.57 < 0.0001 0.39
Ihc gfap ffpe 2.56 0.0027
vsp ihc at8 1.61 0.0248 0.21
Aβ1–40 pg/mg 1.56 0.0275
PCx CASI-IRT tE/I ratio 4.21 < 0.0001 0.46
Isoprostane pg/mg 2.92 0.0012
mem tE/I ratio 3.65 0.00022 0.43
ihc Aβ 2.90 0.0013
exf ihc Aβ ffpe 5.87 < 0.00001 0.70
tE/I ratio 5.77 < 0.00001
lan ihc Aβ 5.39 < 0.00001 0.51
ihc α-syn 4.00 0.0001
vsp Aβ42 pg/mg 3.62 0.0002 0.39
ihc Aβ 3.34 0.0005

Outcome, Y variable; CASI-IRT, cognitive scores from the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument using Item Response Theory; mem, exf, lan, vsp, normalized metrics for memory, executive function, language, and visual spatial performance, respectively; Effect, X variable; LogWorth, – log10(p value). R2, variation explained by the model; TCx, temporal cortex; PCx parietal cortex. Ihc Z, % of area covered by Z immunoreactivity on fresh tissue; Ihc Z ffpe, % of area covered by Z immunoreactivity on formalin-fixed, parafilm-embedded tissue. AT8, monoclonal antibody recognizing tau protein phosphorylated at ser202 and thr205; Tau2 reacts with 52–68 kDa tau in phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms; Il 1b pg/mg, interleukin 1b; ibai, ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule; mcpl pg/mg, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; gfap, glial fibrillary acidic protein; Aβ1–42 pg/mg, 42 amino-acid beta-amyloid peptide derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP); mip1a pg/mg, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha; Aβ1–40 pg/mg, 40-amino acid beta-amyloid peptide derived from APP; Isoprostane pg/mg, prostaglandin-like compounds produced by the reaction of free radicals with arachidonic acid; α-syn, α-synuclein. Bold letters highlight the cases where tE/I ratio effects were significant. See data for all effects in Supplementary dataset 18 (online resource)