Table 1:
Patients Characteristics and the outcomes for patients who experienced stroke versus those who did not have stroke.
| Variables | No Stroke (N = 552) |
Stroke (N = 43) |
All patients (N = 595) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Laboratory confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis | 446 (80.8%) | 40 (93.0%) | 486 (81.7%) |
| Age, years | 51 (41–59) | 50 (43–58) | 51 (42–59) |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 389 (70.5%) | 32 (74.4%) | 421 (70.8%) |
| Female | 163 (29.5%) | 11 (25.6%) | 174 (29.2%) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| White | 210 (38.0%) | 20 (46.5%) | 230 (38.7%) |
| Hispanics | 119 (21.6%) | 8 (18.6%) | 127 (21.3%) |
| Asians | 63 (11.4%) | 5 (11.6%) | 68 (11.4%) |
| Blacks | 50 (9.1%) | 6 (13.9%) | 56 (9.4%) |
| Other | 110 (19.9%) | 4 (9.3%) | 114 (19.2%) |
| Body-Mass Index, kg/cm2 | 30.5 (27–35.2) | 30.7 (26.9–32.8) | 30.6 (27–35.1) |
| Acute Physiology Score II | 18 (11–24) | 22 (20–28) | 18 (12–24) |
| Sequential Organ-Function Assessment (SOFA) | 7 (5–9) | 11 (9.2–12.5) | 8 (5–10) |
| Pregnancy | 15 (2.7%) | 1 (2.3%) | 16 (2.7%) |
| Co-morbidities | |||
| Obesity | 239 (43.3%) | 28 (65.1%) | 267 (44.9%) |
| Hypertension | 223 (40.4%) | 18 (41.9%) | 241 (40.5%) |
| Diabetes | 116 (21.0%) | 10 (23.3%) | 126 (21.2%) |
| Active smoking | 76 (13.8%) | 10 (23.3%) | 86 (14.5%) |
| Chronic cardiac disease | 25 (4.5%) | 4 (9.3%) | 29 (4.9%) |
| Neurological disorder | 12 (2.2%) | 1 (2.3%) | 13 (2.2%) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 23 (4.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 23 (3.9%) |
| Comorbid alcohol abuse | 18 (3.3%) | 2 (4.7%) | 20 (3.4%) |
| Malignancy | 9 (1.6%) | 1 (2.3%) | 10 (1.7%) |
| Chronic liver disease | 17 (3.1%) | 1 (2.3%) | 18 (3.0%) |
| Duration of symptoms before hospitalization, days | 11 (7–17) | 15 (11–19) | 12 (7–17) |
| Duration of mechanical ventilation before ECMO, days | 5 (2–8) | 5 (3–7) | 5 (2–8) |
| Clinical outcomes | |||
| Intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, days | 34 (20–52) | 17 (8–28) | 33 (19–52) |
| Hospital length of stay, days | 33 (20–52) | 14 (4–29) | 32 (18–51) |
| ECMO duration, days | 19 (10–31) | 15 (5–22) | 18 (10–30) |
| Duration of mechanical ventilation, days | 27 (16–41) | 20 (10–32) | 26 (16–40) |
| Discharge Destination | |||
| Death | 247 (44.7%) | 34 (79.1%) | 281 (47.2%) |
| Discharged | 155 (30.9%) | 3 (7.0%) | 158 (29.0%) |
| Hospitalization | 15 (2.7%) | 1 (2.3%) | 16 (2.7%) |
| Palliative discharge | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.3%) | 1 (0.17%) |
| Transferred | 85 (16.9%) | 4 (9.3%) | 89 (16.3%) |
| Unknown | 50 (9.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 50 (8.4%) |
| Days of Follow-up | 26.0 (13.0, 46.0) | 5.0 (2.0, 12.0) | 25.0 (11.5, 43.0) |
| Outcome during 90-day follow-up | |||
| Stroke | 0 (0.0%) | 43 (100%) | 43 (7.2%) |
| Death | 208 (37.7%) | 0 | 208 (35.0%) |
| Discharge | 190 (34.4%) | 0 | 190 (31.9%) |
| In-hospital | 43 (27.9%) | 0 | 43 (7.2%) |
Data are median (inter-quartile range) or n (%). ECMO = Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation