TABLE 1.

Key terminology definitions.

Term	Abbreviation>	Definition
Ankle-brachial index	ABI	Ratio of the systolic blood pressure measured at the ankle (tibial artery) to systolic blood pressure measured at the brachial artery.
Area under the curve	AUC	The area of the region enclosed by the curve line and the coordinate axis.
Arterial stiffness	AS	Fundamental mechanical behavior or rigidity of the material properties of the artery wall, determined by both structural and functional components.
Arterial Stiffening	--	The loss of arterial compliance or increased rigidity to deformation and/or changes in vessel wall properties.
Arteriosclerosis	--	The remodeling of the vasculature associated with stiffening, thickening, and dilatation of the arteries.
Atherosclerosis	--	An occlusive disease of the vasculature that occurs as a result of the deposition of lipid-laden plaques.
Biomarker	--	A characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention.
C statistic	--	The probability of concordance between predicted and observed survival. A measure of goodness of fit for binary outcomes in a logistic regression model.
Cardiovascular disease	CVD	A general term that describes heart, circulatory, and cerebrovascular disease.
Causal pathway	--	Steps in the linkage between a cause and outcome.
Clinical endpoint	--	An event or outcome that can be measured objectively to determine whether the intervention being studied is beneficial.
Clinical management	--	A course of action for managing an individual's treatment.
Evidence-based science	--	Science informed by systematic research and underpinned by established theory.
Global chi-squared	X2	A statistical test used to compare observed results with expected results.
Hazard ratio	HR	An estimate of the ratio of the hazard rate in the treated versus the control group.
Implementation science	--	A discipline which seeks to understand the barriers and facilitators to clinical practice adoption.
Integrated discrimination index	IDI	A tool for evaluating the capacity of a marker to predict a binary outcome of interest.
Systolic interarm blood pressure difference	IAD	The absolute value of the difference in systolic blood pressure between left and right arms.
Intermediate outcome	--	A measurable indicator on the causal pathway to the final outcome.
Net reclassification index	NRI	A measure to assess the added value of predictor variables or used to assess the relative ability of 2 risk models to distinguish between low- and high-risk individuals.
Odds ratio	OR	A measure of association between a treatment/exposure and an outcome.
Path length	--	Length of arterial segment(s) the arterial pulse wave has propagated along. Estimated using body surface measurements or height-based formulas.
Pulse wave analysis	PWA	Morphological analysis of blood pressure waveforms. Typically comprises of the recording of peripheral pressure waveforms with subsequent generation of a corresponding central waveform, permitting estimation of central hemodynamic variables including pressure and wave reflection.
Pulse wave velocity	PWV	The speed at which the arterial pulse wave propagates along an arterial segment.
Quality of life	QoL	The standard of health, comfort, and happiness experienced by an individual or group.
Relative risk	RR	The ratio of the risks for an event for the exposure group to the risks for the non-exposure group.
Standard care	--	Treatment approach that is accepted as appropriate and is widely or typically used by healthcare professionals.
Vascular ageing	--	Vascular ageing describes the deterioration in vascular structure and function over time that ultimately leads to damage in the heart, brain kidney, and other organs. Comprises of atherosclerotic and arteriosclerotic processes.