Fig. 3. Tumor inhibition in C57BL/6 mice.

a In vitro cell viability assay. The compounds did not affect the viability of the MC38 cells directly. The MC38 cells were treated with the compounds for 48 h. The highest concentration for ipilimumab was 3 μg/mL (n = 4). b, c Tumor prevention. D11 and A9 prevented MC38 tumor growth. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with the compound D11 (n = 10 mice) or A9 (n = 10 mice) or the vehicle control (phosphate-buffered saline; n = 5 mice) before the tumors were established. d Kaplan-Meier survival curves. e, f Inhibition of MC38 tumors. Mice treated with D11 or A9 had significantly longer survival than mice treated with the vehicle. Treatments (n = 5 for D11, n = 7 for A9, and n = 7 for the vehicle) were started after the tumors were established, and the tumor volumes reached approximately 100 mm³. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean.