Table 1.
Patient characteristics and number of telehealth/in-person visits during the stay-at-home order period among individuals with heart disease.
| All (n = 70 041) (100%) |
Telehealth = no (n = 48 443) (69.2%) |
Telehealth = yes (n = 21 598) (30.8%) |
P a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 54.8 (9.1) | 54.9 (9.2) | 54.8 (8.9) | .28 |
| Age groups, n (%) | ||||
| 18–34 y | 2942 (4.20%) | 2083 (4.30%) | 859 (3.98%) | .049 |
| 35–44 y | 4579 (6.54%) | 3089 (6.38%) | 1490 (6.90%) | .010 |
| 45–54 y | 17 579 (25.10%) | 11 967 (24.70%) | 5612 (25.98%) | <.001 |
| 55–64 y | 44 941 (64.16%) | 31 304 (64.62%) | 13 637 (63.14%) | <.001 |
| Female, n (%) | 28 237 (40.31%) | 18 302 (37.78%) | 9935 (46.00%) | <.001 |
| Urban residency, n (%) | 59 428 (84.85%) | 40 380 (83.36%) | 19 048 (88.19%) | <.001 |
| Census region, n (%) | ||||
| Northeast | 9846 (14.06%) | 5818 (12.01%) | 4028 (18.65%) | <.001 |
| Midwest | 13 629 (19.46%) | 9896 (20.43%) | 3733 (17.28%) | <.001 |
| South | 35 597 (50.82%) | 25 388 (52.41%) | 10 209 (47.27%) | <.001 |
| West | 6694 (9.56%) | 4448 (9.18%) | 2246 (10.40%) | <.001 |
| COVID-19 diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
| Stay-at-home order period: March 1, 2020-June 30, 2020 | 601 (0.86%) | 262 (0.54%) | 339 (1.57%) | <.001 |
| July 1, 2020-June 30, 2021 | 6412 (9.15%) | 4214 (8.70%) | 2198 (10.18%) | <.001 |
| July 1, 2021-June 30, 2022 | 10 114 (14.44%) | 6563 (13.55%) | 3551 (16.44%) | <.001 |
| Number of telehealth/in-person visits during stay-at-home order, mean (SD) | ||||
| Telehealth visits | 0.6 (1.6) | 0.0 (0.0) | 2.0 (2.4) | <.001 |
| In-person visits | 4.1 (6.4) | 3.4 (5.4) | 5.7 (8.0) | <.001 |
| HD-related telehealth visits | 0.1 (0.4) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.3 (0.6) | <.001 |
| HD-related in-person visits | 0.5 (1.6) | 0.5 (1.5) | 0.7 (1.8) | <.001 |
| Charlson comorbidities,b n (%) | ||||
| Peripheral vascular disease | 3173 (4.53%) | 1894 (3.91%) | 1279 (5.92%) | <.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 589 (0.84%) | 318 (0.66%) | 271 (1.25%) | <.001 |
| Dementia | 31 (0.04%) | 23 (0.05%) | 8 (0.04%) | .54 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 5176 (7.39%) | 2835 (5.85%) | 2341 (10.84%) | <.001 |
| Rheumatic disease | 1498 (2.14%) | 630 (1.30%) | 868 (4.02%) | <.001 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 206 (0.29%) | 106 (0.22%) | 100 (0.46%) | <.001 |
| Mild liver disease | 1338 (1.91%) | 709 (1.46%) | 629 (2.91%) | <.001 |
| Diabetes without chronic complication | 12 651 (18.06%) | 7774 (16.05%) | 4877 (22.58%) | <.001 |
| Diabetes with chronic complication | 3934 (5.62%) | 2162 (4.46%) | 1772 (8.20%) | <.001 |
| Hemiplegia or paraplegia | 273 (0.39%) | 117 (0.24%) | 156 (0.72%) | <.001 |
| Renal disease | 2669 (3.81%) | 1373 (2.83%) | 1296 (6.00%) | <.001 |
| Any malignancyc | 3027 (4.32%) | 1722 (3.55%) | 1305 (6.04%) | <.001 |
| Moderate or severe liver disease | 157 (0.22%) | 69 (0.14%) | 88 (0.41%) | <.001 |
| Metastatic solid tumor | 346 (0.49%) | 182 (0.38%) | 164 (0.76%) | <.001 |
| AIDS/HIV | 158 (0.23%) | 83 (0.17%) | 75 (0.35%) | <.001 |
Abbreviation: HD, heart disease.
a
The Wilcoxon nonparametric rank-sum test was used to compare differences in means for continuous variables, and the Pearson’s chi-square test was used to compare differences in proportions for categorical variables by telehealth use status during the stay-at-home order period.
b
Comorbidities were identified from March 1, 2019, to February 28, 2020. Myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure were excluded as comorbidities because they are included in our definition for HD.
c
Includes lymphoma and leukemia, except for malignant neoplasm of skin.