Table 1.

Results of HCoV RT-PCR on respiratory samples from acute Kawasaki disease patients.^a

Location of sample collection	No. of patients samples	HCoV RT-PCR		Patient			Sample
		Pos. sample	Primer setsd	Age median	Males	CAAe	Throat swab	NP swab	Scraped NP cells	Nasal wash	Illness Dayf (median)	Samples post-IVIG
CA, USA	17 (23)	1	A–J	2m-9y (30 m)	15	1/6	8	7	8	0	3–15 (6.5)	2
IL, USA	13b (15)	0	J–O	4m-10y (38 m)	11	1/5	13	0	2	0	4–9 (6)	0
	12c (12)	0	A–C	4m-6y (12 m)	11	1/3	12	0	0	0	3–9 (6.5)	0
NL	7 (7)	0	P–R, J–L	5m-9y (35 m)	5	1/2	0	0	0	7	4–9 (7)	2
Total	48 (57)	1		2m-10y (31 m)	42	4/16	33	7	10	7	3–15 (7)	4

^aReproduced with permission from Shimizu et al., “Human coronavirus NL63 is not detected in the respiratory tract of children with acute Kawasaki disease”, The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2005; 192: (in press).

^bSamples analyzed at Northwestern University and Loyola University, one sample was also tested at Vanderbilt University.

^cSamples analyzed at Vanderbilt University, one sample was also tested at Northwestern University and Loyola University.

^dPrimer sets A-C, N, O, R = primer sets from HCoV-NL63 nucleocapsid protein gene, D-F, M, and P with nested primer st Q = primer sets from HCoV-NL63 ORF1b; J = primer sets from HCoV-NH ORF1a; K with nested primer set L = primer sets from HCoV-NH spike glycoprotein gene. G-I = degenerate primer sets from conserved regions of the ORF1b shared by HCoV-NL63, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV (NC_004718), HCoV-E229 (NC_002645), and HCoV-OC43 (NC_005147).

^eCAA = coronary artery abnormality, patients with aneurysms/patients with dilatation (internal lumen z score>2.5.

^fIllness Day 1 = first day of fever.