Table 2.

Results of the univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis

Variable	HR (95% CI)	p-value
Age At Diagnosis		0.065
>60 years vs. ≤60 years	2.47 (0.94-6.48)
Race		0.693
White	1.00 (Reference)
Black	0.36 (0.05-2.77)	0.329
Hispanic	0.55 (0.13-2.44)	0.435
Asian	0.79 (0.10-6.02)	0.82
Gender		0.5
Male vs. Female	0.73 (0.30-1.81)
Functional Status		0.824
Non-functional vs. Functional	1.13 (0.38-3.42)
Localization		0.131
Body/Tail vs. Head/Neck	2.13 (0.80-5.69)
Necrosis		0.335
Yes vs. No	1.86 (0.53-6.52)
Mitotic Index		0.079
Intermediate/High vs. No/Low	2.74 (0.89-8.43)
Differentiation		0.111
Poorly-differentiated vs. Well-differentiated	2.51 (0.81-7.77)
Lymph node metastasis		0.67
Yes vs. No	1.28 (0.41-3.94)
Perineural and/or lymphovascular invasion		0.044
Yes vs. No	8.20 (1.06-63.56)
Metastasis and/or Invasion to adjacent organs		0.106
Yes vs. No	2.22 (0.84-5.86)
Distant metastasis		0.008
Yes vs. No	3.39 (1.38-8.35)
Tumor Size		0.044
>2 cm vs. ≤2 cm	4.55 (1.05-19.8)
WHO classification system		0.018
Stage 3	1.00 (Reference)
Stage 2	0.25 (0.07-0.86)	0.027
Stage 1	0.18 (0.05-0.66)	0.01
Chronic Pancreatitis		0.051
Yes vs. No	3.33 (0.99-11.13)
History of Other Cancer		0.908
Yes vs. No	1.07 (0.32-3.57)
Cholelithiasis		0.799
Yes vs. No	0.82 (0.18-3.81)
Cancer in first Degree Relatives		0.687
Cancer vs. No cancer	0.80 (0.27-2.39)
AST		0.023
Elevated vs. Normal	3.73 (1.20-11.57)
ALT		0.582
Elevated vs. Normal	1.55 (0.33-7.39)
Alkaline Phosphatase		0.208
Elevated vs. Normal	2.07 (0.671-6.42)
Albumin		0.399
Elevated vs. Normal	0.67 (0.27-1.68)
Total bilirubin		0.72
Elevated vs. Normal	1.32 (0.29-5.93)
CA 19-9		0.598
Elevated vs. Normal	1.81 (0.20-16.24)
CEA		0.48
Elevated vs. Normal	2.27 (0.23-22.23)
Surgical Resection		<0.001
Any vs. No	0.20 (0.08-0.51)