Table 3.
Pay-for-Performance (P4P) Participation, Volume and Hospital Process Compliance among Early Reporters, Fiscal Year 2003–2005
| Heart Attack |
Heart Failure |
Pneumonia |
Heart Attack |
Heart Failure |
Pneumonia |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Easy | Hard | Easy | Hard | Easy | Hard | Easy | Hard | Easy | Hard | Easy | Hard | |
| P4P | 1.24** (0.43) | 0.76 (1.36) | 5.20* (2.52) | 0.99 (0.74) | 0.19 (0.16) | 2.20* (0.99) | 1.00** (0.34) | 0.24 (1.49) | 2.57 (3.08) | –0.4 (0.92) | 0.23 (0.20) | 1.23 (0.79) |
| Year 2 | 1.30** (0.17) | 3.74** (0.62) | 8.04** (0.84) | 4.23** (0.27) | 0.62** (0.09) | 8.73** (0.30) | 1.32** (0.17) | 4.02** (0.62) | 8.33** (0.80) | 4.33** (0.27) | 0.61** (0.09) | 8.61** (0.29) |
| Year 3 | 2.67** (0.19) | 6.32** (0.65) | 18.83** (0.96) | 6.48** (0.30) | 0.93** (0.10) | 15.66** (0.35) | 2.68** (0.20) | 6.55** (0.66) | 19.04** (0.93) | 6.57** (0.30) | 0.92** (0.09) | 15.56** (0.35) |
| P4P × Year 2 | –0.04 (0.37) | 0.89 (1.56) | 3.64 (2.09) | 0.36 (0.65) | 0.06 (0.17) | 2.15** (0.68) | 0.05 (0.37) | 1.02 (1.52) | 2.27 (1.94) | 0.16 (0.64) | 0.04 (0.16) | 2.01** (0.69) |
| P4P × Year 3 | 0.23 (0.42) | 2.39 (1.57) | 2.47 (2.41) | 0.6 (0.70) | –0.08 (0.18) | 2.19** (0.83) | 0.32 (0.42) | 2.54 (1.55) | 1.34 (2.32) | 0.42 (0.68) | –0.09 (0.17) | 2.05* (0.83) |
| Teaching hospital | 1.31** (0.25) | 0.89 (0.65) | –0.11 (1.33) | 1.97** (0.38) | 0.20* (0.08) | –1.37* (0.61) | 0.44** (0.15) | –0.53 (0.56) | –2.53* (1.01) | 1.12** (0.28) | 0.25** (0.08) | –0.09 (0.35) |
| % Medicare admits | 0.002 (0.01) | –0.05* (0.02) | 0.15** (0.02) | 0.006 (0.007) | –0.001 (0.002) | 0.17** (0.01) | 0.003 (0.004) | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.14** (0.02) | 0.004 (0.01) | –0.007* (0.002) | 0.10** (0.01) |
| RN per admission | 0.35* (0.15) | 0.53 (0.39) | 1.01 (0.82) | 0.52* (0.21) | 0.05 (0.04) | 0.05 (0.37) | 0.04 (0.09) | 0.11 (0.33) | 0.40 (0.59) | 0.29 (0.16) | 0.04 (0.04) | –0.22 (0.20) |
| Low volume quarterly | –0.97** (0.30) | –1.09 (0.93) | –0.46 (1.17) | –0.31 (0.44) | –0.07 (0.09) | 0.8 (0.42) | –1.21** (0.24) | –0.78 (0.84) | –0.01 (1.03) | –0.17 (0.39) | –0.1 (0.09) | 0.47 (0.34) |
| High volume quarterly | 0.94** (0.18) | 1.14* (0.56) | 0.35 (0.89) | 0.22 (0.30) | 0.06 (0.07) | 0.000 (1.06) | 0.70** (0.18) | 0.21 (0.55) | –0.06 (0.90) | 0.11 (0.29) | 0.07 (0.08) | 0.38 (1.14) |
| P4P × low volume | –1.56* (0.73) | –0.89 (2.23) | 3.94 (3.11) | 0 (1.09) | –0.35 (0.27) | 1.12 (1.13) | –0.78 (0.55) | 1.29 (1.90) | 2.38 (2.62) | –0.29 (0.97) | –0.44 (0.29) | –0.22 (0.79) |
| P4P × high volume | –0.76* (0.37) | –1.51 (1.31) | –3.76 (2.40) | 0.01 (0.66) | –0.02 (0.19) | 2.14 (1.60) | –0.66 (0.35) | –1.02 (1.22) | –1.75 (2.35) | 0.29 (0.66) | 0.07 (0.21) | 1.9 (1.70) |
| Initial performance quintile and interaction | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| R 2 | 0.15 | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.06 | 0.35 | 0.51 | 0.2 | 0.41 | 0.42 | 0.09 | 0.69 |
Note. Robust standard errors in parentheses. 987 hospitals engaged in some form of voluntary public reporting prior in 2003.
*
Significant at 5%.
**
Significant at 1%.
RN, registered nurses.