Table 2.

Methods used to identify and classify enterovirus CNS infections

Technique	Method of Identification	Host Isolate	Tools	Specificity
Tissue Culture (Leland, 2008)	Presence of Cellular Cytopathic Effect	Cerebral Spinal Fluid	Selective Cell Lines	Genus
Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction + Genomic Sequence (Romero, 1999)	Genomic Amplification	Cerebral Spinal Fluid	Enterovirus Specifc Primers – Majority Amplify 5′ UTR (Rotbart, 1990)	Serotype – Nucleotide Mutations (Mirand, 2008)
Quantitative Real Time PCR (Dierssen, 2008)	Genomic Amplification	Cerebral Spinal Fluid	Enterovirus Specifc Primers – Majority Amplify 5′ UTR	Genus
Immunohistochemistry	Visualization Using Virally Specific Antibodies	Central Nervous System Tissue	Visualization/Microscopy	Cellular Localization
In situ Hybridization	Visualization using Virally Specific Probes	Central Nervous System Tissue	Visualization/Microscopy	Cellular Localization