Figure 5.

Interactions between emotion and cognition. The anterior insula and the anterior cingulate cortex are important sites involved in determining affective significance and value. In so doing, they are closely affiliated with an extended set of regions, some of which are shown here in the orange ellipse. The anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex interact closely with the lateral prefrontal cortex, a region involved in several cognitive functions. In this manner, cognitive-emotional interactions occur during complex behaviors. Notably, these interactions can be either beneficial or detrimental to behavior. In the latter case, for instance, when threat level is high, resources required for cognitive operations are partly consumed, thereby compromising behavioral performance. Abbreviations: ACC: anterior cingulate cortex; Amyg, amygdala; Ant. Insula, anterior insula; BF, basal forebrain; Hyp, hypothalamus; LPFC, lateral prefrontal cortex.