A, E2 treatment in ovariectomized, wild-type females increased the mRNA expression of KCNQ5 in the arcuate nucleus but failed to regulate KCNQ5 expression in ERα knock-out mice. *, p<0.05. The number in the column equals the number of animals per treatment. B, A representative gel illustrating the expression of ERα in NPY neurons harvested from ovariectomized females and the co-expression of KCNQ5. C, Immunocytochemistry showed a small population of GFP-NPY neurons co-localizing ERα: NPY-GFP neurons to left and ERα-immunoreactive neurons in middle with an overlay illustrating co-localization (indicated by arrows) to right. 99% of GFP-labeled neurons express NPY mRNA. 3V demarks the third ventricle. White bar in the overlay represents 25 µm.