Table 1.
Blood hormone and metabolite concentrations during fasting on Day 4 (Baseline Diet) and Day 7 (Experimental Diet), and before and after exercise on Day 8 (Experimental Diet) during the Low-fat (LFAT) and Moderate-Fat (MFAT) Trials. Data are means (±SD).
| LFAT Trial | MFAT Trial | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fasting | |||||
| Day 4 | Day 7 | Day 4 | Day 7 | ||
| Ghrelin (pg·ml−1) | 1044 (95) | 987 (94) | 1022 (94) | 1029 (94) | ŧ b |
| PYY (pg·ml−1) | 104 (8) | 99 (8) | 97 (8) | 100 (8) | ŧ b |
| Glucose (mg·dl−1) | 93 (6) | 92 (8) | 91 (7) | 92 (9) | Ŧ |
| Insulin (uU·ml−1) | 7.5 (7.5) | 6.4 (3.3) | 5.8 (2.5) | 5.6 (1.7) | ŧ b |
| GH (ug·ml−1) | 3.6 (4.7) | 3.6 (5.5) | 2.4 (4.1) | 5.0 (8.2) | Ŧ |
| Exercise Following Controlled Breakfast | |||||
| Day 8 | Day 8 | Day 8 | Day 8 | ||
| Pre-Exercise | Post-Exercise | Pre-Exercise | Post-Exercise | ||
| Ghrelin | 823 (94) | 976 (94) | 853 (94) | 972 (94) | ŧ c |
| PYY | 146 (8) | 154 (8) | 131 (8) | 159 (8) | ŧ c |
| Glucose (mg·dl−1) | 83 (12) | 135 (29) | 85 (15) | 140 (31) | ŧ c |
| Insulin (uU·ml−1) | 16.5 (13.1) | 11.4 (7.6) | 14.3 (8.3) | 11.9 (8.2) | ŧ |
| GH (ug·ml−1) | 2.7 (6.0) | 23.8 (16.8) | 2.9 (4.2) | 27.3 (17.0) | ŧ c |
| Lactate (mmol·l−1) | 1.6 (.4) | 5.7 (2.0) | 1.7 (.6) | 5.6 (2.1) | ŧ |
PYY, peptide YY; GH, growth hormone.
ŧ significant effect of time (p < 0.0001);
b
significant difference day 7 (fasting state) vs. day 8 pre-exercise (fed state) (adjusted p < 0.05);
c
significant difference day 8 pre-exercise vs. post-exercise (adjusted p > 0.05).
There was no significant influence of diet (p > 0.10, diet*time and time effect) for any hormones of metabolites.