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Effects of LMAN elimination on early singing (a) Typical spectrograms of an early plastic-song bird before and after bilateral LMAN inactivation. Red circles: syllables 60–110 ms long. Blue circles: gaps 30–60 ms long. (b) Syllable duration and (c) gap duration distribution for the same bird before inactivation (black trace) and after inactivation (green trace). Brackets indicate duration ranges marked above.
