Representative in situ hybridization (a–d; g, h) and immunohistochemistry (e, f, i, j) analysis performed respectively with tamalin (a, b g, h) or homer1a (c, d) specific probes and an arc-specific antibody (e, f, i, j). Adult animals were injected with vehicle (a, c, e) or kainate (10 mg/kg i.p.; b, d, f) and sacrificed 3 hr later for in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry analysis. Homer1a and arc, established immediate early genes, were used as positive controls. Note tamalin mRNA expression is up-regulated in response to kainate (b) similarly to homer1a mRNA (d) and arc protein (f). ECS also causes an increase in Arc immunoreactivity (j) and tamalin mRNA (h) 3 hours after treatment in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus when compared to control animals (i and g respectively). n=4 animals for each analysis.