. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Apr 20.

Published in final edited form as: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2012 Mar 30;69(18):3015–3026. doi: 10.1007/s00018-012-0963-z

Table 1.

CD98-linked amino acid transporters

Name	Transport system	Tissue localization	Not detected (^a) or lowest expression
LAT-1	Large neutral amino acids; Na⁺-independent	Ubiquitous: ovary, placenta, skeletal muscle, brain, spleen, testis and fetal liver, activated lymphocytes, some tumor cells	Liver^a, intestine^a
LAT-2	Small and large neutral amino acids; Na⁺-independent	Kidney, small intestine, ovary, placenta, brain	Lung
y⁺LAT-1	Cationic amino acids: Na⁺-independent; large neutral amino acids: Na⁺-dependent	Small intestine, kidney cortex, peripheral blood, leukocytes, placenta, lung and many other tissues
y⁺LAT-2	Cationic amino acids: Na⁺-independent; large neutral amino acids: Na⁺-dependent	Brain, small intestine, testis, heart, kidney, lung, liver
xCT	Cystine/glutamate exchange; mainly Na⁺-independent	Activated macrophages, brain	Lung, liver, kidney^a
asc-1	Small neutral amino acids; Na⁺-independent	Brain, kidney, heart, liver, lung, small intestine, pancreas, placenta