. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jan 31.

Published in final edited form as: J Cell Mol Med. 2013 Jan 10;17(1):30–54. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12004

Table 2.

Potential therapeutic strategies targeting altered metabolic and pH regulatory signalling pathways in normoxic and hypoxic cancer- and metastasis-initiating cells and their differentiated progenies

Molecular therapeutic target	Name of inhibitory agent
Altered metabolic signalling elements
Glucose transporters	2-deoxy-D-glucose
Hexokinase-2	Lonidamine
Glyoxalase-1	S-p-bromobenzylglutathione
FASN	Orlistat, cerulenin, C75, resveratrol
Monoacylglycerol lipase	JZL184
Autophagy	Bafilomycin A1, 3-methyladenine, chloroquine (Aralen^®)^, hydrochloroquine (Plaquenil^®)^
pH regulatory signalling element
CAIX	Anti-CAIX mAbs (M75 and G250), glycosyl coumarins (GC-204 and GC-205), sulphonamides (CAI17, ureido-sulphonamide, U-104)

Trade name of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug. CAIX: carbonic anhydrase IX; FASN: fatty acid synthase.