Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria for study

Inclusion criteria

▪Empirical, published study in a peer-reviewed journal ▪Focuses on premedical education in the United States ▪Study samples only “modal” premedical students Notable exceptions include studies that include both a premedical sample AND another sample (premedical advisors, for example). If the results for premedical students were reported separately, this can be included. ▪Study collects primary data that reflects premedical student attitudes, perceptions, experiences, or proxy for these Studies that use course enrollment data are not included, unless authors extrapolate something about the premedical experience from the course enrollment data. Descriptions of enrollment patterns in courses are not sufficient.

Exclusion criteria

▪Study is an evaluation or examination of a pipeline program or other “special programs,” such as those designed to boost admissions of a subset of premedical students into medical school, and only uses data from these types of students. ▪Study uses only samples of high school students, medical students, post-baccalaureate students, BA/MD students, students enrolled in special programs, or students who have already been accepted to medical school ▪Written in a language other than English