TABLE 2.
Analyses of Term Low Birth Weight and Preterm Birth Using Individual Household Indoor Air Pollution Variables Among Never Smokers: Environment and Pregnancy Outcomes Study, Los Angeles County, CA, 2003
| Term LBW Cases (n = 159), No. | Preterm Cases (n = 727), No. | Controls (n = 875), No. | Term LBW, Adjusted ORa (95% CI) | Preterm, Adjusted ORb (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||||
| Personal and household products | |||||
| Nail polish use | |||||
| Never | 89 | 394 | 472 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Occasional | 22 | 116 | 159 | 0.76 (0.45, 1.26) | 0.89 (0.67, 1.18) |
| Regular | 10 | 66 | 68 | 0.78 (0.38, 1.60) | 1.22 (0.83, 1.78) |
| Frequent | 31 | 88 | 113 | 1.42 (0.88, 2.27) | 0.90 (0.66, 1.24) |
| Missing | 7 | 63 | 63 | … | … |
| Hairspray use | |||||
| Never | 104 | 420 | 525 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Occasional | 18 | 97 | 104 | 0.86 (0.49, 1.49) | 1.18 (0.87, 1.62) |
| Regular | 8 | 32 | 33 | 1.14 (0.50, 2.61) | 1.26 (0.75, 2.11) |
| Frequent | 19 | 104 | 139 | 0.70 (0.41, 1.20) | 0.94 (0.70, 1.26) |
| Missing | 10 | 74 | 74 | … | … |
| Insect spray use | |||||
| Never | 132 | 578 | 699 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Occasional | 9 | 30 | 45 | 1.19 (0.56, 2.53) | 0.86 (0.53, 1.40) |
| Regular/frequent | 5 | 30 | 39 | 0.62 (0.23, 1.62) | 0.86 (0.52, 1.41) |
| Missing | 13 | 89 | 92 | … | … |
| Personal and household product usagec | |||||
| Infrequent users and nonusers | 90 | 392 | 494 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Regular/frequent users | 57 | 254 | 295 | 1.05 (0.72, 1.53) | 1.08 (0.86, 1.35) |
| Missing | 12 | 81 | 86 | … | … |
| Other indoor air quality contributors and mitigators | |||||
| Home SHS exposured | |||||
| No | 132 | 607 | 755 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Yes | 27 | 115 | 110 | 1.34 (0.84, 2.16) | 1.27 (0.95, 1.70) |
| Missing | 0 | 5 | 10 | … | … |
| Home window ventilatione | |||||
| Infrequent/no window ventilation | 81 | 315 | 347 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Moderate/high window ventilation | 78 | 408 | 520 | 0.60 (0.42, 0.86) | 0.79 (0.64, 0.98) |
| Missing | 0 | 4 | 8 | … | … |
Note. CI = confidence interval; LBW = low birth weight; OR = odds ratio; SHS = secondhand smoke. The sample size was n = 1761.
Adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, parity, and mother’s birthplace (US, Mexico, other outside US).
Adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, parity, and mother’s birthplace (US, Mexico, other outside US).
Regular and frequent personal and household product use classified as having used at least 1 of 3 specified products (nail polish, hairspray, insect spray) regularly or frequently during pregnancy.
Home SHS exposure defined as living with ≥ 1 smokers during pregnancy.
Home window ventilation measure is based on how often the mother reported keeping windows open during pregnancy. Low or no window ventilation represents 1 hour per day or never. Moderate or high window ventilation represents half the day, all day, all night, or all the time.