Table 2.

Characteristics of the Study Population

	Prereform Years				Postreform Years
	2000–2003* (pooled)				2003–2004*				2004–2005*
Financial Health (cash flow) Quartile of Hospital of Admission	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
Mortality- Combined Medical
No. of Cases	278,174	264,153	243,307	180,012	88,843	83,418	79,044	57,088	84,278	80,421	75,710	55,184
Unadjusted Mortality, %	12.01%	12.00%	12.34%	12.30%	11.66%	11.38%	12.04%	12.13%	11.45%	11.04%	11.65%	11.50%
High Risk Mortality- Combined Medical
No. of High Risk Cases	27,965	27,259	25,089	18,337	8,799	8,448	7,856	5,659	8,429	8,341	7,900	5,572
Unadjusted High Risk Mortality, %	29,69%	28,84%	29.07%	29.09%	28.83%	27.77%	29.89%	28.73%	28.26%	26.58%	28.39%	28.00%
Mortality- Combined Surgical
No. of Cases	355,266	345,163	297,998	212,111	123,144	117,684	103,432	73,529	122,214	117,308	103,550	73,143
Unadjusted Mortality, %	4.38%	4.24%	4.45%	4.67%	4.02%	4.05%	4.21%	4.25%	3.86%	3.62%	3.86%	4.05%
High Risk Mortality – Combined Surgical
No. of High Risk Cases	36,862	35,461	30,260	23,020	12,565	11,964	10,320	7,677	12,100	11,790	10,197	7,604
Unadjusted High Risk Mortality, %	16.84%	16.34%	17.35%	16.83%	16.06%	15.90%	17.41%	15.87%	16.22%	15.17%	16.00%	16.16%
FTR
No. of Cases (comp. or death)	151,816	147,445	128,067	93,418	54,576	51,965	45,724	33,474	52,869	50,546	44,288	32,327
Unadjusted FTR, %	10.26%	9.93%	10.37%	10.59%	9.06%	9.15%	9.51%	9.32%	8.92%	8.39%	8.99%	9.14%
PSI-C
No. of Cases	938,125	892,495	788,709	592,914	307,843	293,824	261,905	198,745	301,559	289,273	262,102	196,158
Unadjusted PSI, %	0.61%	0.58%	0.60%	0.60%	0.58%	0.57%	0.60%	0.60%	0.61%	0.57%	0.61%	0.60%
PSI-T
No. of Cases	437,578	398,863	331,610	241,144	147,029	136,932	114,974	84,592	145,689	138,080	116,446	85,597
Unadjusted PSI, %	1.24%	1.24%	1.19%	1.34%	1.36%	1.21%	1.25%	1.46%	1.39%	1.30%	1.22%	1.36%
PSI-O
No. of Cases	968,887	920,114	814,972	610,357	311,783	297,117	265,528	201,109	302,955	290,664	263,504	197,077
Unadjusted PSI, %	0.64%	0.70%	0.65%	0.69%	0.70%	0.74%	0.68%	0.67%	0.70%	0.70%	0.65%	0.71%
PLOS (combined medical))
No. of Cases	278,174	264,153	243,307	180,012	88,843	83,418	79,044	57,088	84,278	80,421	75,710	55,184
Unadjusted PLOS, %	67.57%	69.11%	67.64%	68.01%	65.60%	67.00%	65.87%	65.63%	64.41%	66.51%	64.59%	65.08%
PLOS (combined surgical)
No. of Cases	148,541	142,773	124,676	82,434	51.805	48,841	44,314	28,979	52,073	49,203	44,578	29,140
Unadjusted PLOS, %	57.61%	58.84%	55.86%	56.75%	53.05%	54.23%	52.12%	52.20%	49.11%	50.12%	47.21%	49.23%

^a.Included 3,614,174 patients from 869 facilities. Pre-reform years 3 to 1 were pooled.