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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Health Serv Res. 2012 Aug 2;48(2 0 1):476–498. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2012.01453.x

Table 3.

Adjusted Odds of Mortality, Patient Safety Event Rates, Failure-to-Rescue, and Prolonged Length of Stay after Duty Hour Reform in less vs. more financially healthy teaching hospitals

Post-reform Year 1 X Post-reform Year 2 X
Quartile 2a Quartile 3a Quartile 4a Test of
Between-
Quartile Trend		 Quartile 2a Quartile 3a Quartile 4a Test of
Between-
Quartile Trend
Mortality Odds Rat ios
(95% CI )b 		Odds Ratios
(95% CI )b
  Combined medical 0.96
(0.92,1.01)		 1.02
(0.97,1.06)		 1.03
(0.98,1.08)		 1.01
(1.00,1.02)		 0.95*
(0.91,0.99)		 0.99
(0.95,1.04)		 0.98
(0.94,1.03)		 0.99
(0.98,1.01)
  High-risk medical
(vs. low-risk)		 0.98
(0.910,1.60)		 1.03
(0.95,1.11)		 0.95
(0.87,1.03)		 1.02
(0.99,1.04)		 0.97
(0.90,1.05)		 1.01
(0.93,1.09)		 1.02
(0.93,1.11)		 1.02
(0.99,1.05)
  Combinedsurgical 0.98
(0.92,1.04)		 1.01
(0.95,1.07)		 0.97
(0.91,1.04)		 1.00
(0.98,1.01)		 0.92**
(0.86,0.98)		 0.97
(0.91,1.04)		 0.97
(0.90,1.04)		 0.995
(0.98,1.01)
  High-risk surgical
(vs. low-risk)		 0.94
(0.86,1.30)		 1.04
(0.95,1.35)		 0.96
(0.87,1.063)		 1.00
(0.97,1.03)		 0.98
(0.90,1.08)		 0.98
(0.89,1.07)		 1.04
(0.94,1.56)		 1.00
(0.97,1.025)
Patient safety event
  PSI-C 0.97
(0.88,1.06)		 1.03
(0.93,1.13)		 0.97
(0.87,1.08)		 1.00
(0.97,1.03)		 0.91*
(0.83,1.00)		 0.99
(0.90,1.09)		 0.94
(0.84,1.05)		 0.99
(0.97,1.02)
  PSI-T 0.91*
(0.82,1.00)		 0.95
(0.86,1.06)		 1.05
(0.94,1.17)		 1.00
(0.97,1.03)		 0.95
(0.86,1.05)		 0.95
(0.86,1.05)		 0.94
(0.84,1.05)		 0.97*
(0.94,0.99)
  PSI-O 0.93
(0.85,1.01)		 0.93
(0.85,1.01)		 0.88*
(0.80,0.97)		 0.96**
(0.94,0.99)		 0.89**
(0.82,0.97)		 0.90*
(0.82,0.98)		 0.95
(0.86,1.05)		 0.98
(0.96,1.01)
FTR rate 0.99
(0.93,1.05)		 1.02
(0.95,1.09)		 0.97
(0.90,1.04)		 1.00
(0.98,1.02)		 0.92**
(0.86,0.98)		 0.97
(0.91,1.04)		 0.98
(0.91,1.06)		 1.00
(0.98,1.02)
PLOS rate
  Combined medical 0.99
(0.96,1.02)		 1.02
(0.99,1.05)		 0.96*
(0.93,0.99)		 1.00
(0.99,1.01)		 1.01
(0.98,1.04)		 1.00
(0.98,1.04)		 0.98
(0.95,1.01)		 1.00
(0.99,1.01)
  Combined surgical 0.97
(0.93,1.01)		 1.04
(1.00,1.08)		 0.99
(0.95,1.04)		 1.01
(1.00,1.02)		 0.95**
(0.91,0.99)		 1.01
(0.97,1.05)		 1.10***
(1.05,1.15)		 1.03***
(1.02,1.04)

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval; PSI, patient safety indicators; FTR, failure-to-rescue; PLOS, prolonged length of stay. High-risk samples include the top decile of patients by severity risk score.

a

The interaction terms (Post-reform Year 1 X Quartile 4) and (Post-reform Year 2 X Quartile 4) measure whether there is any relative change in the odds of the patient outcome in Quartile 4 (least financially healthy) vs. Quartile 1 (financially healthiest) hospitals. Analogous interaction terms for financial quartile 2 and 3 are also included. Models are also adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, common time trends, and hospital site where treated.

b

Units for odds ratios compare hospitals in the quartile of interest to hospitals in Quartile 1, the financially healthiest quartile.

*

p<0.05,

**

p<0.01,

***

p<0.001