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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Antiviral Res. 2013 Jun 29;99(3):371–382. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.06.014

Fig. 8. Combinations of diphyllin and amantadine showed enhanced antiviral effect and CPE protection.

Fig. 8

(A) Diphyllin (500, 250 nM) and amantadine (100, 50, 25 nM) were used individually or in combination in A/Aichi/2/68(H3N2) virus infected MDCK cells as described in section 2.7. Cells were harvested for NP expression analysis using western blotting, and extracellular virus titers in supernatant were determined by an HA test. (B) Amantadine (50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125 nM) was used in the absence or presence of diphyllin (250, 125 nM) in A/Aichi/2/68(H3N2) virus infected MDCK cells as described in section 2.7. An MTT assay was performed and normalized cell viability was presented. Values are mean ± SD from three replicates. Cell viability between each diphyllin cooperatively treated group and the amantadine alone treated group were compared by two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple comparisons test. (ns: non-significant, *: p<0.05, **: p<0.01, ***: p<0.001, ****: p<0.0001)