Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics for Study Variables
| Full Group |
Low-income Group |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Mean (SD)/% | n | Mean (SD)/% | n |
| Educational aspirations/expectations | ||||
| 5th grade | 2.50 (0.80) | 797 | 2.44 (.84) | 415 |
| 6th grade | 2.61 (0.75) | 553 | 2.47 (.86) | 287 |
| 7th grade | 2.58 (0.69) | 650 | 2.50 (.75) | 334 |
| 8th grade | 2.50 (0.77) | 776 | 2.36 (.84) | 399 |
| 9th grade | 2.53 (0.72) | 783 | 2.42 (.77) | 404 |
| 10th grade | 2.42 (0.80) | 770 | 2.32 (.84) | 393 |
| 12th grade | 2.24 (0.79) | 757 | 2.16 (.83) | 388 |
| Childhood low income | ||||
| No (0) | 47.6 | -- | -- | -- |
| Yes (1) | 52.4 | -- | -- | -- |
| High school graduation | ||||
| No (0) | 18.7 | -- | 27.1 | -- |
| Yes (1) | 81.3 | -- | 72.9 | -- |
| Economic status in adulthood (per capita household income) | 26.99 (23.21) | 643 | 23.25 (22.09) | 319 |
| Gender | ||||
| Female (0) | 49 | -- | 51.5 | -- |
| Male (1) | 51 | -- | 48.5 | -- |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Caucasian American | 47.2 | -- | 28.1 | -- |
| African American | 25.6 | -- | 36.9 | -- |
| Asian American | 21.9 | -- | 28.4 | -- |
| Native American | 5.3 | -- | 6.6 | -- |