Table II.
Regional Brain Volume Reductions in FASD (within sites): t (p)
| LA | SA | SD | |
|---|---|---|---|
| LEFT HEMISPHERE | |||
| Total white matter volume | −3.494 (0.002) | −2.418 (0.022) | −2.291 (0.029) |
| Total cortical gray matter | −3.612 (0.001) | −3.271 (0.003) | −2.112 (0.043) |
| Thalamus | −2.818 (0.008) | −2.656 (0.013) | −2.683 (0.012) |
| Ventral diencephalon | −2.313 (0.029) | −2.331 (0.028) | −3.016 (0.005) |
| Caudate | −2.382 (0.025) | 2.384 (0.024) | −1.506 (0.143) |
| Putamen | −2.313 (0.031) | −1.665 (0.107) | −4.200 (<0.001) |
| Pallidum | −2.120 (0.045) | −2.965 (0.006) | −2.421 (0.023) |
| Hippocampus | −2.421 (0.021) | −2.971 (0.006) | −1.767 (0.087) |
| Amygdala | −0.879 (0.389) | −0.959 (0.346) | −2.714 (0.011) |
| RIGHT HEMISPHERE | |||
| Total white matter volume | −3.478 (0.002) | −2.392 (0.024) | −2.181 (0.037) |
| Total cortical gray matter | −3.766 (0.001) | −3.410 (0.002) | −2.022 (0.053) |
| Thalamus | −2.519 (0.018) | −2.452 (0.022) | −2.557 (0.016) |
| Ventral Diencephalon | −2.004 (0.055) | −3.043 (0.005) | −2.347 (0.026) |
| Caudate | −2.654 (0.013) | −2.680 (0.012) | −1.640 (0.112) |
| Putamen | −2.242 (0.035) | −1.549 (0.132) | −3.714 (0.001) |
| Pallidum | −1.799 (0.082) | −3.019 (0.006) | −2.974 (0.006) |
| Hippocampus | −2.902 (0.007) | −2.682 (0.012) | −1.580 (0.126) |
| Amygdala | −2.018 (0.054) | −0.761 (0.453) | −1.707 (0.098) |
| Total Intracranial Volume (ICV) | −3.068 (0.006) | −2.575 (0.015) | −1.755 (0.091) |
t- and p-values obtained from 57 separate 2-sample t-tests comparing regional brain volumes between control (CON) and exposed (FASD) subjects. Hypothesis testing was conducted for CON>FASD within scan locations: Los Angeles (LA), South Africa (SA), and San Diego (SD). For p-values, regular numbers represent a significant difference (p <0.05) between groups, italicized numbers represent a trend-level difference (0.05 < p < 0.1), and underlined numbers represent an absence of significant differences between groups.