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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2013 Dec 30;19(3):258–265. doi: 10.1111/anec.12125

Table 1.

ECG characteristics at the time of PAH diagnosis and before death.

Variables First ECG median (IQR) or n (%) (n=39) ECG before death median (IQR) or n (%) (n=50) p (Related samples Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test or McNemar’s test, n=39)

Heart rate (bpm) 83 (70-93) 89 (79-103) 0.001

Rhythm 0.01
•NSR 33 (85) 26 (52)
•Sinus tachycardia 4 (10) 11 (22)
•Sinus bradycardia 2 (5) 0 (0)
•A fib / A flutter / SVT / junctional. 0 (0) 13 (26)

P wave amplitude (DII) (mV) 0.18 (0.1-0.2) 0.16 (0.1-0.2) 0.09

P wave amplitude (V1) (mV) 0.13 (0.1-0.2) 0.16 (0.1-0.2) 0.3

P wave ≥ 0.25 mV (%) 9 (23.1) 6 (12) 0.29

P wave frontal axis (degrees) 58 (48-68) 59 (44-69) 0.83

PR interval (ms) 167 (150-187) 176 (144-191) 0.031

QRS duration (ms) 88 (80-100) 90 (82-110) 0.018

QRS frontal axis (degrees) 97 (42-121) 112 (90-128) 0.003

QRS transition zone 4 (3-5) 4 (3-5) 1

R wave (V1) (mV)* 0.27 (0.2-0.6) 0.4 (0.2-0.6) 0.24

R wave (V2) (mV) 0.48 (0.2-0.7) 0.5 (0.3-0.8) 0.23

R wave (DI) (mV) 0.46 (0.32-0.6) 0.3 (0.2-0.4) < 0.001

R wave (aVR) (mV) 0.22 (0.12-0.4) 0.2 (0.1-0.3) 0.49

S wave (V1) (mV) 0.28 (0.16-0.7) 0.21 (0.1-0.4) 0.11

R/S ratio (V1) 1 (0.3-3) 2 (0.8-3.6) 0.01

R/S ratio (V1) ≥ 1 (%) 19 (48.7) 37 (74) 0.003

Intrinsicoid deflection (V1) (ms) 50 (40-60) 50 (40-70) 0.27

qR pattern (V1) (%) 5 (12.8) 15 (30) 0.3

rSR’ pattern (V1) (%) 17 (43.6) 22 (44) 0.55

qrS pattern (V1) (%) 1 (2.6) 4 (8) 1

RBBB (%) 2 (5.1) 8 (16) 0.031

S wave (V5-V6) (mV) 0.5 (0.2-0.7) 0.5 (0.3-0.6) 0.78

QTc (ms) 431 (405-458) 444 (414-463) 0.018

T wave frontal axis (degrees) 26 (-3 - +52) 13 (-30 - +58) 0.19

Negative T waves (V1-V3) (%) 31 (79.5) 38 (76) 0.75

Negative T wave (inferior leads) (%) 12 (30.8) 30 (60) 0.004

ST depression (V1) (%) 3 (7.7) 3 (6) 1

ST depression (V2) (%) 5 (12.8) 6 (12) 1

ST depression (inferior leads) (%) 2 (5.1) 4 (8) 1

Normal ECG (%) 3 (7.7) 0 (0) 0.25

Abbreviations: A fib: atrial fibrillation, A flutter: atrial flutter, bpm: beats per minute, NSR: normal sinus rhythm, RBBB: right bundle branch block, SVT: supraventricular tachycardia.

*

Tallest R wave in lead V1.

P wave amplitude ≥ 0.25 mV in lead II, III, aVF, V1 or V2.