Table 2.

Associations between Health Literacy Measures and Functional Health Status.

Health Status	Health Literacy
	Adequate Mean ± SD	Marginal Mean ± SD		Inadequate Mean ± SD
TOFHLA
Physical Function	85.3 ± 15.4	77.9 ± 19.3	71.0 ± 19.7	<0.001
Depression	12.2 ± 5.3	13.6 ± 6.7	16.3 ± 7.7	<0.001
Anxiety	14.9 ± 5.6	15.3 ± 5.9	16.7 ± 6.1	0.02
REALM
Physical Function	84.5 ± 16.2	77.7 ± 17.9	71.2 ± 20.4	<0.001
Depression	12.4 ± 5.7	14.1 ± 6.7	14.9 ± 7.4	<0.001
Anxiety	15.0 ± 5.7	15.7 ± 5.8	15.6 ± 5.9	0.39
NVS
Physical Function	87.0 ± 14.2	81.8 ± 17.4	74.6 ± 19.4	<0.001
Depression	11.8 ± 5.0	12.6 ± 5.6	15.0 ± 7.4	<0.001
Anxiety	14.6 ± 5.7	15.0 ± 5.6	16.3 ± 5.9†	0.003

Higher score for Physical Function = better Physical Function (range 0–100)

Higher score for Depression = increased Depression (range 8–40)

Higher score for Anxiety = increased Anxiety (range 7–35)