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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mo Med. 2013 Sep-Oct;110(5):429–436.

Figure 4. NAE 18:2 preincubation is required for protection of RGC layer neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity.

Figure 4

NAE 18:2 preincubation is critical for its neuroprotective effect. A), Retina explants were either pretreated for 24 hours (overnight, ON) with 40 μM NAE 18:2 prior to and during glutamate exposure or at the onset of glutamate exposure (no pretreatment). All glutamate exposures were for 24 hours and NAE 18:2 was present during the glutamate exposure period. Note the lack of protection without pretreatment (red arrows). B) Quantitative summary data revealing the requirement for NAE 18:2 protection of RGC layer neurons against glutamate.

Notes: * denotes P < 0.05 as determined by a one-way analysis of variance test. Scale bar: 50μm.

Abbreviations: DIC, differential interference contrast; NAE, N-acylethanolamide; RGC, retinal ganglion cell; TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP (2′-deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate) nick-end labeling – green fluorescence.

Republished with permission of Dove Medical Press Limited, from reference 11, Duncan RS, Xin H, Goad DL, Chapman KD, Koulen P. Protection of neurons in the retinal ganglion cell layer against excitotoxicity by the N-acylethanolamine, N-linoleoylethanolamine. Clin Ophthalmol. 2011;5:543-548; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.