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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 22.
Published in final edited form as: Bioessays. 2014 Jan 16;36(4):394–406. doi: 10.1002/bies.201300150

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Non-canonical (RISC-independent) actions of small RNA. A: TAR-derived RNA in HIV-1 transcriptional control. Effects on transcription have been reported for miRNA and other small RNA. Cleavage of a 5′ structured element (TAR, 1) in the nascent HIV-1 transcript may interact with the corresponding sequence in the integrated DNA (2) and lead to further degradation of the transcript, enforcing HIV latency. B: Small RNA may influence secondary/tertiary structure by binding complementary elements separated by considerable distance in the primary sequence.