Table 1.

NF-κB-dependent miRNAs

miRNA	Stimulus	Alteration	Transcription factors/ other cofactors	Cell lines	Reference
miR-146a	LPS; TNF-α; IL-1β; LMP1; H2O2	Up	P65	Human monocytic cell; human neural cells; human alveolar epithelial A cells; human monocyte-derived dendritic cells; human PMN and monocytes	25, 27, 30, 31, 92
miR-21	LPS; C. parvum; nicotine	Up	P65; P50	Human biliary epithelial cells; gastric cancer cells; human peripheral blood mononuclear cells	32, 34, 35, 85
miR-23b	LPS; C. parvum	Up	P65	Human biliary epithelial cells	34, 35
miR-27b	LPS; C. parvum	Up	P65	Human biliary epithelial cells; human macrophages	26, 34, 35
miR-125ba	LPS; C. parvum	Up	P65	Human biliary epithelial cells; human fibroblast-like synoviocytes; LPS-tolerized THP1 cells	34, 35, 93, 94
		Down	ND	Mouse Raw 264.7 macrophage; mouse primary macrophages; human monocyte-derived dendritic cells	58, 83, 92
miR-30b	LPS; C. parvum	Up	P65	Human biliary epithelial cells	34, 35
miR-16	Nicotine	Up	P65; P50	Gastric cancer cells	32
miR-301a	TNF-α	Up	P65; P50	Pancreatic cancer cells	33
miR-155	LMP1; LPS; alcohol	Up	P65; P50	Human B cells; mouse macrophage cells; mouse Kupffer cells; human PMN and monocytes	27–29
miR-9	LPS; TNF-α; IL-1β	Up	ND	Human PMN and monocytes, macrophages	27
miR-29b	TNF-α	Down	P65; YY1; SP1; HDAC3; HDAC1	Human myoblast cell; human acute myeloid leukemia cells	37, 38
let-7i	LPS; C. parvum	Down	P50; C/EBP-β; HDAC3	Human biliary epithelial cells	36

Abbreviations: C/EBP-β, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta; C. parvum, Cryptosporidium parvum; HDAC1, histone deacetylase 1;HDAC3, histone deacetylase3;LMP1, Epstein–Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein-1; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; ND, not determined; PMN, polymorphonuclear neutrophil; SP1, specificity protein 1; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; YY1, Yin Yang 1.

^aThe expression of miR-125 after TLR activation is still controversial now.