Table 3.
Validated targets of miRNAs relevant to the innate immunity
| miRNAs | Targets | Innate immune function | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| miR-155 | SOCS1 | Positive regulation of host antiviral innate immune response by promoting type I IFN signaling | 77 |
| Regulation of endotoxin sensitivity and tolerance | 92 | ||
| TAB2 | Negative regulation of inflammatory cytokine production in response to microbial stimuli | 83 | |
| FADD, IKKε, Ripk1 | Increase translation of TNF-α | 58 | |
| IL-13Rα1 | Determining M2 phenotype in Macrophage | 96 | |
| BACH1, ZIC3 | Modulation of transcriptional regulatory factors | 97 | |
| C/EBP-β | Regulation of granulocyte CSF expression | 98 | |
| MyD88 | Negative regulation of Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation | 84 | |
| miR-146b | TRAF6, IRAK1 | Negative regulation of Toll-like receptor and cytokine signaling | 25 |
| miR-146a | TRAF6, IRAK1 | Negative regulation of Toll-like receptor and cytokine signaling | 25 |
| IL-8, RANTES | Negative regulation of severe inflammation | 30 | |
| miR-218 | MAFG | Regulation of the overall epithelial inflammatory response to tobacco smoke exposure | 99 |
| miR-203 | SOCS3 | Regulation of inflammatory responses and keratinocyte functions | 100 |
| miR-192 | MIP-2α | Regulation of inflammatory responses in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases | 101 |
| miR-132 | p300 | A negative effect on the expression of interferon-stimulated genes | 81 |
| miR-26a/miR-145/ miR-34a/let-7b |
IFN-β | Negative regulation of innate immune response to viral infections | 60 |
| miR-16 | TNF-α; IL-8 | Enhancing cytokines/chemokines mRNA degradation | 58 |
| miR-17-3p | ICAM-1 | Negative regulation of neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells | 64 |
| miR-31 | E-selectin | Negative regulation of neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells | 64 |
| let-7i | TLR4 | Regulation of epithelial defense responses against C. parvum | 78 |
| let-7e | TLR4 | Regulation of endotoxin sensitivity and tolerance | 92 |
| miR-125b | TNF-α | Regulation of TNF-α translation | 58 |
| miR-98 | CIS | Modulation NF-κB activity | 86 |
| SOCS4 | An inhibitory effect on phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription proteins |
102 | |
| miR-101 | MKP-1 | Positive regulation of the activation of MAPKs signal pathway | 87 |
| miR-9 | NF-κB1 | A feedback control of the NF-κB-dependent responses | 27 |
| miR-21 | PDCD4 | Negative regulation of TLR4 signaling | 85 |
| miR-126 | TOM1 | Positive regulation of IL-1β and TNF-α-induced signaling pathways | 103 |
| VCAM-1 | Regulation of adhesion molecule expression | 65 | |
| miR-222/miR-339 | ICAM-1 | Regulation of adhesion molecule expression | 61 |
| miR-221 | ICAM-1 | Regulation of the interaction between epithelia cells and T cells | 63 |
| miR-513 | B7-H1 | Regulation of cholangiocyte inflammatory response | 66, 67 |
Abbreviations: BACH1, basic leucine zipper transcription factor 1; C/EBP-β, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta; CIS, cytokine-inducible Src homology 2; E-selectin, endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1; FADD, Fas-associated death domain protein; H. pylori, Helicobacter pylori; ICAM-1, intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1; IKKε, IkappaB kinase epsilon; IL-13Rα1, IL-13 receptor α1; IRAK1, IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 genes; MAFG, v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog G; MIP-1α, macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha; MKP-1, MAPK phosphatase-1; MyD88, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88; NF-κB1, nuclear factor-κB1; PDCD4, programmed cell death 4; Ripk1, the receptor (TNFR superfamily)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1; SOCS1, suppressor of cytokine signaling 1; SOCS3, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3; SOCS4, suppressors of cytokine signaling 4; TAB2, P3K7-binding protein 2; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4; TRAF6, TNF receptor-associated factor 6; TOM1, target of myb1; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; ZIC3, Zic family member 3.