TABLE 1.
Genes with Hypermethylation Patterns Reported in the Progression of Barrett’s esophagus and/or Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
| CLASSIFICATION | GENE | FULL NAME | FUNCTION | CITATIONS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cell Cycle Control Gene | CDKN2A | P16 | Cell cycle control | 6,44 |
| DNA repair genes | MGMT | O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase | DNA repair | 29,45–47 |
| Growth factor response related genes | CRBP1 | Cellular Retinol Binding Protein 1 | Retinol transport | 6,8,44 |
| IGFBP7 | Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 | Modulates binding of insulin-like factors to IGF receptors | 48 | |
| SOCS3 | Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 | Suppression of JAK/STAT pathway | 1,6,8,46 | |
| Metastasis antagonizing genes | CDH1 | E-cadherin | Cell adhesion | 1,6,40,49,50 |
| CDH13 | T-cadherin | Cell adhesion, proliferation, metastasis | 1,6,10–12 | |
| Pro-apoptotic genes | DAPK1 | Death Associated Protein Kinase 1 | Apoptosis | 6,45 |
| RUNX3 | Runt-related transcription factor 1 | Pro-apoptotic factor in TGF-β Pathway | 6,8,49,50 | |
| Tumor Suppressor Gene | AKAP12 | A-Kinase anchoring protein 12 | Controls cell signaling, cell adhesion, mitogenesis and differentiation | 6,8,50 |
| WNT signaling related genes | APC | Adenomatous Polyposis Coli | Involved in cell adhesion through its interaction with beta catenin- cadherin proteins. | 1,8,29,44,48,50,51 |
| SFRP1 | Secreted frizzled-related protein 1 | Antagonist of WNT protein receptors | 6,45,47 | |
| WIF1 | Wnt inhibitory factor 1 | WNT-signaling pathway inhibitor | 6,8,44,50 | |
| Other Genes with Tumor Suppressive Functions | CALCA | Calcitonin | Regulates calcitonin levels through adenylatecyclase | 6,40 |
| ESR1 | Estrogen Receptor α | Hormone receptor in mammary cells | 1,6,8,40 | |
| EYA4 | Eyes absent homolog 4 | Transcriptional activator important for function of the Organ of Corti | 1,8,50 | |
| GPX3 | Glutathione Peroxidase | Catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide | 1,4,6,8,44,47 | |
| GSTM2 | Glutathione S- transferase Mu 2 | Glutathione transferase activity | 45,50,52 | |
| MYOD1 | Myoblast determination protein 1 | Muscle differentiation | 1,6,40 | |
| NELL1 | Protein kinase C-binding protein NELL1 | Cell growth regulation and differentiation | 6,44,50 | |
| RPRM | REPRIMO | Regulates p53-mediated cell cycle arrest | 6,8,41,50 | |
| SST | Somatostatin | Somatostatin hormone | 44,50 | |
| TAC1 | Protachykinin-1 | Tachykinin peptide hormone | 6,44,50 | |
| TIMP3 | Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase | Metalloproteinase inhibitor | 1,6,40,44,47,50,53 |