Table 2.
Studies included in pooled analysis
| Location | Studytype | N | Population | Infection mechanism | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adenovirus | ||||||
| Commission on Acute Respiratory Disease (1947)25 | USA | Experimental | 14 | Adult male volunteers | Nasal spray | .. |
| Human coronavirus | ||||||
| Bradburne et al (1967)26 | UK | Experimental | 13 | Adult male and female volunteers | Nasal drops | .. |
| SARS-associated coronavirus | ||||||
| Chan et al (2004)27 | Hong Kong | Observational | 6 | Children and adults | Natural | Outbreak in an extended family |
| Chow et al (2004)28 | Singapore | Observational | 15 | Patients, visitors, and health-care workers | Natural | Hospital outbreak |
| Dwosh et al (2003)6 | Canada | Observational | 14 | Men and women aged 24-80 years | Natural | Hospital outbreak |
| Farewell et al (2005)29 | Hong Kong | Observational | 67 | Male and female | Natural | .. |
| Olsen et al (2003)30 | Airplane | Observational | 23 | Male and female | Natural | Outbreak due to transmission on aircraft |
| Poutanen et al (2003)31 | Canada | Observational | 6 | Men and women aged 24-78 years | Natural | 6 of the first 10 cases of SARS detected in Canada |
| Tsang et al (2003)32 | Hong Kong | Observational | 1 | 49-year-old man | Natural | Hospital outbreak |
| Tang et al (2003)33 | Hong Kong | Observational | 9 | Men and women aged 35-72 years | Natural | .. |
| Wong et al (2004)34 | Hong Kong | Observational | 16 | Male and female medical students | Natural | .. |
| Human metapneumovirus | ||||||
| Ebihara et al (2004)35 | Japan | Observational | 1 | 8-month-old boy | Natural | .. |
| Peiris et al (2003)36 | Hong Kong | Observational | 1 | Child | Natural | .. |
| Influenza A | ||||||
| Alford et al (1966)37 | USA | Experimental | 1 | Adult man (estimated age 21-40 years) | Inhalation | A2/Bethesda strain |
| Burnet and Foley (1940)38 | Australia | Experimental | 3 | Men and women aged 19-41 years | Nasal spray | Reid API strain |
| Couch et al (1971)39 | USA | Experimental | 7 | Men aged 21-40 years | Nasal drops | A2/Hong Kong strain |
| Henle et al (1943)40 | USA | Experimental | 11 | Boys aged 6-14 years | Inhalation | A/F-99 strain |
| Henle et al (1945)41 | USA | Experimental | 61 | Institutionalised boys | Nasal drops | A/PR-8, A/F-99, A/F-12 strains, 24 influenza B in the same study |
| Moser et al (1977)42 | Aeroplane | Observational | 37 | Passengers and crew on an airplane | Natural | A/H3N2 strain |
| Smorodintseffet al (1937)43 | USSR | Experimental | 2 | Male and female | Inhalation | Leningrad or WS strain |
| Influenza B | ||||||
| Francis et al (1944)44 | USA | Experimental | 54 | Male | Nasal spray | B/Lee strain |
| Henle et al (1945)41 | USA | Experimental | 24 | Institutionalised boys | Nasal drops | B/Lee strain, 61 influenza A in the same study |
| Influenza (unknown type) | ||||||
| Armstrong and Hopkins (1921)45 | USA | Observational | 27 | Men and women aged 19-84 years | Natural | Community-based outbreak in 1920 |
| MacDonald and Lyth (1918)46 | UK | Observational | 2 | Male | Natural | Exposure on a train |
| Measles | ||||||
| Goodall (1925)47 | UK | Observational | 4 | Children (male and female) | Natural | Hospital-based infection |
| Goodall (1931)48 | UK | Observational | 25 | .. | Natural | .. |
| Panum (1940)49 | Faroe Islands | Observational | 10 | Adult men | Natural | Ship-based infection in 1847 |
| Perucha et al (2006)50 | Spain | Observational | 3 | Aged 9 months to 32 years | Natural | .. |
| Pickles (1939)51 | UK | Observational | 2 | Male | Natural | .. |
| Stillerman and Thalhimer (1944)52 | USA | Observational | 6 | Aged 11-12 years | Natural | .. |
| Zingher and Mortimer (2005)53 | USA | Observational | 5 | Aged 1-5 years | Natural | Controls in a 1926 study on use of convalescent serum as prophylaxis |
| Simpson (1948)54 | UK | Observational | 1 | 4-year-old girl | Natural | .. |
| Parainfluenza virus | ||||||
| Kapikian et al (1961)55 | USA | Experimental | 9 | Male inmates aged 21-56 years | Throat swab, nasal spray, nasal drops | Type 3 virus |
| Tyrrell et al (1959)56 | UK | Experimental | 2 | Aged 18-45 years | Nasal drops | Type 3K virus |
| Respiratory syncytial virus | ||||||
| Johnson et al (1961)57 | USA | Experimental | 17 | Male inmates aged 21-35 years | Nasal/throat spray, nasal drops | .. |
| Kapikian et al (1961)58 | USA | Observational | 1 | Aged 6-50 months | Natural | .. |
| Sterner et al (1966)59 | Sweden | Observational | 6 | Aged 1-13 months | Natural | .. |
| Rhinovirus | ||||||
| Avila et al (2000)60 | USA | Experimental | 16 | Men and women aged 18-48 years, healthy and with allergies | Nasal challenge | RV-16 |
| Douglas et al (1967)61 | USA | Experimental | 12 | Adult male inmates | Inhalation, nasal drops | .. |